Effect of partial and total replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in feed on growth and gut performance of Penaeus vannamei.

This study evaluated the growth and gut performance of shrimp fed three isonitrogenous diets (37% crude protein) with varying inclusions of fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM): F1 (27.5% FM), F2 (10% FM + 23.5% SBM), and F3 (38% SBM).

Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei.

White feces syndrome (WFS) in cultivated shrimp is characterized by white shrimp midguts (intestines) and white fecal strings that float as mats on pond surfaces. The etiology of WFS is complex, but one type called EHP-WFS is associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The hepatopancreas (HP), midgut and fecal strings of EHP-WFS shrimp exhibit massive quantities of EHP spores together with mixed, unidentified bacteria.

False mussels (Mytilopsis leucophaeata) can be mechanical carriers of the shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP).

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an obligate intracellular parasite causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in cultivated shrimp in Asian countries. One strategy to control EHP is to identify and eliminate biological reservoir(s) in shrimp ponds. Several marine and brackish-water organisms, including false mussels (Mytilopsis) have been reported to test positive for EHP using the PCR method.