Synergistic Effects of Azithromycin and STING Agonist Promote IFN-I Production by Enhancing the Activation of STING-TBK1 Signaling.

Background: Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-viral infection properties by enhancing type-I interferon (IFN-I) responses. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) can directly induce IFN-I production. However, elevated IFN-I induces auto-immune phenotypes such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Effects of (Lamk) Hack extract on anti-mitochondrial DNA mediated inflammation by attenuating expression in LPS-induced macrophages.

Background/objectives: Mitochondrial DNA leakage leads to inflammatory responses via endosome activation. This study aims to evaluate whether the perennial grass water extract () ameliorate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage.

Materials/methods: The major bioactive constituents of (PPW) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography, after which their antioxidant activities were assessed.

Co-localization of endogenous Arf6 and its activator EFA6D in the granular convoluted tubule cells of mouse submandibular glands under normal conditions and when stimulated by isoproterenol, noradrenaline and carbachol.

Objective: This study proposed to investigate the localization at light and electron microscopic levels of Arf6 and its activator EFA6D in the mouse submandibular gland (SMG) under normal conditions and when stimulated by adrenergic or cholinergic agonists.

Materials And Methods: SMGs of male adult mice were utilized for immunoblotting and immuno-light and -electron microscopic analyses. Isoproterenol and noradrenalin were used as adrenergics, while carbachol was used for the cholinergic stimulant.

protects SH-SY5Y cells against -Butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death via the ERK and PI3K pathways.

Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathological processes of various neurodegenerative diseases. (BM) has a potent antioxidant property. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of BM against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell death induced by the pro-oxidant insult, -Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and to identify possible mechanisms related to its neuroprotective action.