Cutting-edge progress in green technologies for resistant starch type 3 and type 5 preparation: An updated review.

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fiber that resists starch hydrolysis in the small intestine, and is fermented in the colon by microorganisms. RS not only has a broad range of benefits in the food and non-food industries but also has a significance impact on health promotion and prevention of non-communicable diseases. RS types 3 and 5 have been the focus of research from an environment-friendly perspective.

Anti-inflammatory activity of verbascoside- and isoverbascoside-rich Lamiales medicinal plants.

Verbascoside and isoverbascoside are two active phenylethanoid glycosides mainly found in plants of the order Lamiales. This study analyzes the verbascoside and isoverbascoside levels and the total phenolic contents in the water and ethanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants of the order Lamiales commonly used in Thailand. The related bioactivities, including the antioxidant activity via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reduction activity potential assays and anti-tyrosinase and -inflammatory activities via the cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide assays are also investigated.

Revision on the Genus in Thailand, with a New Species .

The genus is an important and confusing taxon due to high variation within species, and differences between species are sometimes difficult to delimit. Thus, the status of some taxa has changed over time. To clarify the status of species for plant conservation and effective management of this genus in Thailand, we performed an intensive survey in northern Thailand, studied morphological characteristics, and constructed a molecular phylogenic tree, which we compared to recently published results of this genus.

Discordant Activity of Kaempferol Towards Dengue Virus and Japanese Encephalitis Virus.

Kaempferol, a plant-derived flavonoid, has been reported to have activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in BHK-21 cells. To determine the broader utility of this compound, we initially evaluated the activity of kaempferol against JEV and dengue virus (DENV) in HEK293T/17 cells. Results showed no significant antiviral activity against either virus.

Gelatinization, pasting and retrogradation properties and molecular fine structure of starches from seven cassava cultivars.

Genetic diversity in the physicochemical properties and fine structures of seven cassava starches samples was studied. The apparent amylose content ranged from 24.8 to 27.

Rheological characteristics and genotype correlation of cassava root for very high gravity ethanol production: The influence of cassava varieties and harvest times.

In very high gravity (VHG) ethanol fermentation, the rheological properties of native cassava significantly influence heat and mass transfer, mixing energy, and, thus, the yield of all steps. This study investigated the effect of cassava varieties and their harvest times on starch liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation. The genotype correlation of the starch properties was revealed for the most suitable cassava varieties.

Identification and expression of genes in response to cassava bacterial blight infection.

Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (or XAM) is a serious disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CBB infection were identified in the F1 progenies of a cross between the "Huay Bong 60" and "Hanatee" cassava cultivars.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) transcriptome analysis in response to infection by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using an oligonucleotide-DNA microarray.

Cassava anthracnose disease (CAD), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Manihotis, is a serious disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta) worldwide.

Hybrid analysis (barcode-high resolution melting) for authentication of Thai herbal products, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees.

Background: Andrographis paniculata Nees is a medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological properties. It has been used over many centuries as a household remedy. A.

Large-scale SNP discovery through RNA sequencing and SNP genotyping by targeted enrichment sequencing in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crop species being the main source of dietary energy in several countries. Marker-assisted selection has become an essential tool in plant breeding. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery via transcriptome sequencing is an attractive strategy for genome complexity reduction in organisms with large genomes.

Characterization of rubber tree microRNA in phytohormone response using large genomic DNA libraries, promoter sequence and gene expression analysis.

The para rubber tree is the most widely cultivated tree species for producing natural rubber (NR) latex. Unfortunately, rubber tree characteristics such as a long life cycle, heterozygous genetic backgrounds, and poorly understood genetic profiles are the obstacles to breeding new rubber tree varieties, such as those with improved NR yields. Recent evidence has revealed the potential importance of controlling microRNA (miRNA) decay in some aspects of NR regulation.

Transcriptome sequencing of Hevea brasiliensis for development of microsatellite markers and construction of a genetic linkage map.

To obtain more information on the Hevea brasiliensis genome, we sequenced the transcriptome from the vegetative shoot apex yielding 2 311 497 reads. Clustering and assembly of the reads produced a total of 113 313 unique sequences, comprising 28 387 isotigs and 84 926 singletons. Also, 17 819 expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from the data set.

A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting cyanogenic potential of cassava root in an outbred population.

Background: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) can produce cyanide, a toxic compound, without self-injury. That ability was called the cyanogenic potential (CN). This project aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the CN in an outbred population derived from 'Hanatee' × 'Huay Bong 60', two contrasting cultivars.

SSR and EST-SSR-based genetic linkage map of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers provide a powerful tool for genetic linkage map construction that can be applied for identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this study, a total of 640 new SSR markers were developed from an enriched genomic DNA library of the cassava variety 'Huay Bong 60' and 1,500 novel expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci were developed from the Genbank database. To construct a genetic linkage map of cassava, a 100 F(1) line mapping population was developed from the cross Huay Bong 60 by 'Hanatee'.

Ectoparasitic fauna of birds, and volant and non-volant small mammals captured at Srinakarin Dam, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.

The investigation of ectoparasitic fauna on birds, and volant and nonvolant small mammals at Srinakarin Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand was carried out under a national biodiversity and disease surveillance program for four consecutive months: January, February, May and June 2009. A total of 122 animals, comprised of 15 species of birds, 9 species of volant small mammals and 8 species of non-volant small mammals were examined for ectoparasite infestation. Of these animals, 1 genus of hard ticks (Ixodidae), 2 species of mesostigmatid mites (Laelapidae), 4 genera in three families of astigmatid mites (Proctophyllodidae, Pteronyssidae and Trouessartiidae), 4 species in three families of lice (Philopteridae, Polyplacidae and Trichodectidae) and 2 families of batflies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) were collected.

Development of simple sequence repeat markers from expressed sequence tags of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

In this study, we describe the development of expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat markers from expressed sequence tags of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) deposited in public sequence databases. A total of 46 primer pairs were designed and screened on 26 individuals of P. monodon from a natural population.

Association of SNP in exon 1 of HBS1L with hemoglobin F level in beta0-thalassemia/hemoglobin E.

Increase in fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) reduces globin chain imbalance in beta-thalassemia, consequently improving symptoms. QTL mapping together with previous genome-wide association study involving approximately 110,000 gene-based SNPs in mild and severe beta(0)-thalassemia/Hb E patients revealed SNPs in HBS1L significantly associated with severity and Hb F levels. Given its potential as binding site for transcription factor activator protein 4, HBS1L exon 1 C32T polymorphism was genotyped in 455 cases, providing for the first time evidence that C allele is associated with elevated Hb F level among beta(0)-thalassemia/Hb E patients with XmnI-(G)gamma-/-and XmnI-(G)gamma+/-polymorphisms.

cDNA-AFLP analysis of differential gene expression in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) upon dengue virus infection.

In infectious diseases, the disease pathogenesis is the outcome of the interaction between the genome of the host and the genome of the pathogen. Despite the wide distribution of dengue infections in the world, and the large number of annual infections, few studies have investigated how the dengue genome alters the global transcriptional profile of the host cell. To investigate alterations in the liver cell transcriptome in response to dengue virus infection, liver cells (HepG2) were infected with dengue serotype 2 at MOI 5 and at 3 days post-infection RNA extracted and analyzed by cDNA-AFLP in parallel with mock-infected cells.

Characterization of the V-type H((+))-ATPase in the resurrection plant Tortula ruralis: accumulation and polysomal recruitment of the proteolipid c subunit in response to salt-stress.

Tortula ruralis is an important experimental system for the study of plant vegetative desiccation tolerance. EST gene discovery efforts utilizing desiccated gametophytes have identified a cDNA Vac1 encoding a predicted polypeptide with significant similarity to the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase c subunit. VAC1, the 167 amino acid deduced polypeptide, has a predicted molecular mass of 16.