Abundance of Colistin-Resistance Genes in Retail Meats in Vietnam.

The degree of contamination of retail meat with colistin-resistant bacteria and its potential contribution to dissemination within communities remains to be determined. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the contamination status of colistin-resistance genes, indicative of colistin-resistant bacteria, in retail meats in Vietnam. In total, 46 chicken and 49 pork meats from stores in Vietnam and Japan were examined.

Horizontal transfer of a plasmid possessing mcr-1 marked with a single nucleotide mutation between Escherichia coli isolates from community residents.

Objectives: The widespread dissemination of phenotypic colistin-resistant (COR) bacteria in the community threatens public health. The horizontal gene transfer of the mobile colistin resistance gene via plasmids is thought to be one of the main mechanisms for dissemination. However, genotypic evidence to prove this in community settings is limited.

Development of diversified methods for chemical modification of the 5,6-double bond of uracil derivatives depending on active methylene compounds.

The reaction of 5-halogenouracil and uridine derivatives 1 and 7 with active methylene compounds under basic conditions produced diverse and selective C-C bond formation products by virtue of the nature of the carbanions. Three different types of reactions such as the regioselective C-C bond formation at the 5- and 6-positions of uracil and uridine derivatives (products 2, 5, 8, 17, 20 and 21), and the formation of fused heterocycle derivatives 2,4-diazabicyclo[4.1.

Efficient and convenient heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed regioselective deuteration at the benzylic position.

The Pd/C-catalyzed efficient and regioselective hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange reaction on the benzylic site proceeded in D2O in the presence of a small amount of H2 gas. The use of the Pd/C-ethylenediamine complex [Pd/C(en)] as a catalyst instead of Pd/C led to the efficient deuterium incorporation into the benzylic site of O-benzyl protective groups without hydrogenolysis. These H-D exchange reactions provide a post synthetic and D(2)-gas-free deuterium-labeling method on a wide variety of benzylic sites using D2O as the deuterium source and heterogeneous Pd/C or Pd/C(en) as a reusable heterogeneous palladium catalyst under mild and neutral conditions.