Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α-mediated pathway as a possible therapeutic target in endometriosis.

Study Question: Is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)-mediated pathway involved in the development of endometriosis?

Summary Answer: PGC-1α plays critical roles in inflammation and cell proliferation of endometriotic tissues and may be involved in the development of endometriosis.

What Is Known Already: Expression levels of PGC-1α are higher in ovarian endometrioma (OE) than normal endometrium (NE). PGC-1α also stimulates aromatase activity and promotes local estrogen biosynthesis in OE.

Molecular detection of microbial colonization in cervical mucus of women with and without endometriosis.

Problem: Intrauterine microbial colonization and its association with the pathogenesis of endometriosis via an innate immune cascade have been reported. As a potential source of microbial transmission, information on microbial colonization in cervical mucus is unknown. We investigated pattern of microbiota in the cervical mucus collected from women with and without endometriosis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.

Dienogest therapy during the early stages of recurrence of endometrioma might be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid repeat surgeries.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate whether hormonal therapy immediately after postsurgical recurrence of ovarian endometrioma controls disease progression and can be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid multiple repeat surgeries.

Methods: We enrolled 146 patients treated for endometrioma at the University Hospital of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 2009 and 2015. After laparoscopic cystectomy using the stripping technique, opening of cul-de-sac obliterations and complete resection of the deep infiltrating endometriosis lesions, the patients either received no treatment (n = 83), oral contraceptives (OC; n = 32) or dienogest (DNG; n = 27), depending on their medical history.