Nigrosporinol Sulfoxides A and B, Sulfur-Bridged Heterocyclic Sesquiterpenoids Produced by Cultures of the Fungus .

The sesquiterpenoids nigrosporinol sulfoxides A () and B () have been isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus harvested from the sunchoke L. collected in Thailand. Nigrosporinol sulfoxides A () and B () have 4/5/5/5/7 heterocyclic skeletons featuring a sulfoxide bridge not previously found in a terpenoid natural product from any living source.

Bioactive cholinesterase inhibitions of clerodanes from the flowers of and molecular docking studies.

The first investigation of the phytochemical profile of the flowers of led to the isolation of two new clerodane diterpenes, 6-crotocaudin () and crotocaudin B (), together with two known clerodanes, 6-crotoeurin C () and isoteucvin (). The structures and absolute configurations of isolated clerodanes were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, mass spectrometry and ECD calculations. Compounds - demonstrated significant inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

New norclerodane diterpenoids from bulbils of L.

Investigation of extracts from bulbils of L. yielded two new norclerodane diterpenoids, diosbulbin N acetate () and -diosbulbin B (), together with eleven known compounds. Their structures were established based on spectroscopy.

A new feruloylfriedelinol from the stems of and its α-glucosidase inhibition.

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of led to the isolation of a new triterpene, 3---feruloylfriedelinol (), together with five known compounds, friedelin (), 3-friedelinol (), lupeol (), stigmasterol (), and 4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-hexenyl)benzoic acid (). Their structures were identified by intensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry. Compound showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC = 337.

Discovery of lead natural products for developing pan-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global public health crisis. The reduced efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), such as omicron BA.5 subvariants, has underlined the need to explore a novel spectrum of antivirals that are effective against existing and evolving SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.

Cytotoxic and antibacterial xanthones from the roots of .

Three new furanoxanthones, macochinxanthones A-C (-) and sixteen known xanthones (-) were isolated from the roots of Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including NMR, UV and IR, as well as mass spectrometry. Chiral-phase HPLC analysis of - revealed that they were scalemic mixtures with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 0.05%, 36.

Four New Anthraquinones with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Activity from Roots.

Chromatographic separation of the crude extracts from the roots of led to the isolation of four new anthraquinones, ventilanones L-O (-), together with eight known anthraquinones (-). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, H NMR, C NMR, and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), as well as comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. HDACs inhibitory activity evaluation resulted that compound exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against HeLa and A549 cell lines but nontoxic to normal cell.

Chitosan biological molecule improves bactericidal competence of ceftazidime against Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.

Biofilm-associated Burkholderia pseudomallei infections (melioidosis) are problematic because of reduced sensitivity to antibiotics and high frequency of relapse. Biofilm dispersal agents are essential to liberate the biofilm-encased cells, which then become planktonic and are more susceptible to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of deacetylated chitosan (dCS), an antimicrobial and antibiofilm biological macromolecule, to disrupt established biofilms, thus enabling ceftazidime (CAZ) to kill biofilm-embedded B.

Neolignans and polyoxygenated -cyclohexenes from the stems and leaves of Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don.

Five new compounds including, a neolignan, eupomatenoid-19 () and four polyoxygenated -cyclohexenes, artahongkongenes G-J (), together with fifteen known compounds () were isolated from the stems and leaves of Buch.-Ham. ex D.

Cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory metabolites from twigs and leaves of Phyllanthus mirabilis, a species endemic to limestone mountains.

The first investigation of Phyllanthus mirabilis Müll.Arg. led to the isolation of six undescribed compounds including two tyramine derivatives: phyllatyramines A and B; three butenolide analogues, phyllantenolide, phyllantenocoside-O-gallate and epi-phyllantenocoside-O-gallate; and a flavanonol gallate, (-)-taxifolin-3-O-gallate; as well as two first isolated natural products, phyllatyramine C and phyllantenocoside; together with twenty-three known compounds.

Cytotoxic and antibacterial depsidones from the endophytic fungus isolated from Thai rice.

Four new depsidones, mollicellins V-Y (-), together with eight known depsidones (-) were isolated from the endophytic fungus, detached from stems of Thai rice. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. Mollicellins X, H, and F (, and ) showed potent cytotoxicity against the human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line, and mollicellin F () also showed a potent cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line.

Isopimarane-type diterpenoids from the rhizomes of L. and their biological activities.

Fourteen isopimarane diterpenoids (-) were isolated from the rhizomes of , including four new compounds (-). The isolated secondary metabolites were identified through analysis of spectroscopic (1 D and 2 D NMR) and mass spectrometric data, together with X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds -, -, and showed strong antimalarial activities, with IC values in the range of 1.

A New Apotirucallane from Walsura trichostemon Leaves and Its Antibacterial and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities.

Phytochemical investigation of Walsura trichostemon leaves led to the isolation of a new apotirucallane-type triterpenoid, 11,25-dideacetyl-16-hydroxytrichostemonate (1), along with two known apotirucallane-type triterpenoids (2 and 3), two known tirucallane-type triterpenes (4 and 5), and two known steroids (6 and 7). Their structures were identified by intensive analysis of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry data, which were compared with data reported in the literature. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value: 64 μg/mL), and compound 4 showed weak antibacterial activity against P.

Three new indole diterpenoids from KKU-CT2.

Three new indole diterpenoids, aculeatupenes A-C (-), together with four known compounds (-), were isolated from the mycelium of KKU-CT2. Their structures were established by spectroscopic evidence and absolute configurations of - were determined by comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds , , and emindole SB () showed weak cytotoxicity against HelaS3, KB, HepG2, MCF-7, and A549 cancer cell lines with IC values in the range of 11.

ent-Clerodane diterpenoids from the stems of Croton krabas.

The first phytochemical investigation from the stems of Croton krabas resulted in the isolation of three new ent-clerodane diterpenoids, crotonkrabases A-C (1-3), along with two known compounds, 12-oxohardwickiic acid (4) and crotonpyrone B (5). Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods. The structure of 3 was unambiguously proven by X-ray crystallography.

New Pyrrolobenzoxazine Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from the Fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus.

Three new pyrrolobenzoxazine sesquiterpenoids, talatrachyoxazines A - C (1:  - 3: ), together with fourteen known compounds (4:  - 17: ), were isolated from the fungus EU23. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic evidence and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1:  - 3: were determined by NOESY data and comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Spirosteroids and α-glucosidase inhibitory norlignans from Asparagus racemosus Willd. roots.

Three undescribed spirosteroids, asparacemosones A-C, an undescribed spiro-21-norsteroid, asparacemosone D, along with seven known compounds were isolated from Thai herbal plant Asparagus racemosus Willd. roots. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including NMR, UV, IR and mass spectrometry.

Cytotoxic compounds from the stems of and their bioactivity.

A new (naphthalenyl)methyl acetate, (1,4,5-trimethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methyl acetate () and ()-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyltetralone () were isolated together with five lupane triterpenes (), naphthoquinone derivatives (-), coumarins ( and ) and a vanillic acid () from the stems of Their structures were established through spectroscopic analysis, IR, 1D and 2D NMR. Both and displayed significant cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines including HeLa, HCT116 and MCF-7, with IC values in the range of 5.05-15.

Meroterpenoid pyrones, alkaloid and bicyclic brasiliamide from the fungus Neosartorya hiratsukae.

Two new meroterpenoid pyrones, chevalone G (1) and aszonapyrone C (2), a new indole alkaloid, 7-chlorofischerindoline (3) and a new bicyclic brasiliamide, brasiliamide H (4), together with sixteen known compounds, 5-20 were isolated from the fungus Neosartorya hiratsukae. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The antibacterial activity and the cytotoxic activity of new compounds were evaluated.

Bioactive secondary metabolites from roots of planch.

Two new aromadendrin rhamnosides, cissusfoliate A () and 3--cissusfoliate A () together with seven known compounds (-) were isolated from the roots of Planch. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of compounds were assigned by combination of the coupling constant values of H-2 and H-3 and the comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with those reported in literature.

A new antibacterial tirucallane from roots.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of a Thai medicinal plant, provided a new tirucallane, 3-epimesendanin S 12-acetate (), together with four known compounds, 3-epimesendanin S (), meliasenin G (), -sitosterol () and -sitosterol glucoside (). Their structures were characterized by intensive spectroscopy including 1 D and 2 D NMR, UV, IR and MS spectrometric analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.

Inhibition of nitric oxide production by clerodane diterpenoids from leaves and stems of Esser.

Chromatographic separation of crude extracts from the leaves and stems of Esser led to the isolation of two new clerodane diterpenes crotonolide K () and furocrotinsulolide A acetate () and six known clerodane diterpenes (), together with twelve known compounds (-). Their structures were established from spectroscopic analysis. The clerodane diterpenoids - were evaluated for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.

Meroditerpene pyrone, tryptoquivaline and brasiliamide derivatives from the fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri.

Two new meroditerpene pyrones, chevalone F (1) and 11-hydroxychevalone E (2), a new tryptoquivaline analog, tryptoquivaline V (3) and a new brasiliamide analog, brasiliamide G (4), together with thirteen known compounds, chevalones A-C (5-7), chevalone E (8), 11-hydroxychevalone C (9), pyripyropene A (10), isochaetominine C (11), pyrrolobenzoxazine terpenoids CJ-12662 (12) and CJ-12663 (13), fischerindoline (14), eurochevalierine (15), 1,4-diacetyl-2,5-dibenzylpiperazine-3,7''-oxide (16) and lecanorin (17) were isolated from the fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compound 2 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, whereas compounds 7, 12, 13 and 15 showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.