Impact of breast size and composition on the accuracy of mammography and ultrasonography in breast cancer screening.

Background: The accuracy of mammography in breast cancer screening is influenced by different factors such as breast composition. However, previous studies did not evaluate the impact of breast size on examination accuracy. This study aimed to investigate the influence of breast size on the accuracy of mammography and ultrasonography in breast cancer screening using compressed breast thickness (CBT) on mammography as an indicator of breast size.

Genomic correlates of response and resistance to the irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor futibatinib based on biopsy and circulating tumor DNA profiling.

Background: Futibatinib is the only covalent inhibitor of FGFR1-4 to gain regulatory approval in oncology. In this article, we present genomic analyses of tissue biopsies and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with 1 of nearly 20 tumor types treated with futibatinib in the phase I/II FOENIX study.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients included those with ctDNA samples collected per protocol at baseline and/or progression on futibatinib in the phase Ib portion of the study for FGF/FGFR-altered advanced solid tumors or the phase II portion of the study for FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement-positive cholangiocarcinoma.

Na + -driven pH regulation by Na+/H+ antiporters promotes photosynthetic efficiency in cyanobacteria.

Photosynthetic organisms have developed mechanisms to regulate light reactions in response to varying light conditions. Photosynthetic electron transport leads to the formation of a ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane (TM), which is crucial for regulating electron transport. However, other pH modulators remain to be identified, particularly in cyanobacteria.

Sustained North Atlantic warming drove anomalously intense MIS 11c interglacial.

The Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11c interglacial and its preceding glacial termination represent an enigmatically intense climate response to relatively weak insolation forcing. So far, a lack of radiometric age control has confounded a detailed assessment of the insolation-climate relationship during this period. Here, we present Th-dated speleothem proxy data from northern Italy and compare them with palaeoclimate records from the North Atlantic region.

The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Saudi Arabia From 2010 to 2022.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) has multiple modalities of treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). There is limited research work conducted in Saudi Arabia that shows the benefits of using NACT, followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) for stages III-IV EC patients. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using NACT compared to other modalities of treatment in the last 11 years in Saudi Arabia.

Breast Cancer Awareness Among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Early detection of BC significantly improves prognosis; thus, awareness is an important aspect of BC morbidity and survival as well as the economic burden. This systematic review aimed to explore awareness of BC among women in Saudi Arabia.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, ME3183: First-in-Human Phase 1 Study.

A novel, oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, ME3183, is under development for the treatment of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and other inflammatory diseases. To evaluate its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose (SAD), and multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase 1 studies were conducted in 126 healthy adults. The food effect was evaluated in a randomized, open-label, crossover manner (n = 5).

The effects of breast density on the benefits of mammograms with adjunctive ultrasonography in breast screening.

Objective: Various efforts have been made to improve the accuracy of breast cancer screening. This study aimed to report differences in the contribution of ultrasonography to cancer screening assessments of dense and non-dense breasts.

Methods: The participants in this study were 29,640 Japanese women in their 40 s who underwent breast cancer screening at the Iwate Cancer Society between 2018 and 2021.

Findings from a discontinued clinical trial of favipiravir in high-risk patients with early-onset COVID-19.

Introduction: Favipiravir terminates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. Accordingly, early administration of favipiravir to SARS-CoV-2-infected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may be expected to suppress disease progression.

Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted to demonstrate efficacy of favipiravir in reducing disease progression in patients with mild COVID-19.

Design and synthesis of strong root gravitropism inhibitors with no concomitant growth inhibition.

Herein, we describe a highly potent gravitropic bending inhibitor with no concomitant growth inhibition. Previously, we reported that (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) selectively inhibits root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM. Based on the structure-activity relationship study of ku-76 as a lead compound, we designed and synthesized various C4-substituted analogs of ku-76.

AWC thermosensory neuron interferes with information processing in a compact circuit regulating temperature-evoked posture dynamics in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Elucidating how individual neurons encode and integrate sensory information to generate a behavior is crucial for understanding neural logic underlying sensory-dependent behavior. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, information flow from sensory input to behavioral output is traceable at single-cell level due to its entirely solved neural connectivity. C.

Noble gases and nitrogen in samples of asteroid Ryugu record its volatile sources and recent surface evolution.

The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is expected to contain volatile chemical species that could provide information on the origin of Earth's volatiles. Samples of Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured noble gas and nitrogen isotopes in Ryugu samples and found that they are dominated by presolar and primordial components, incorporated during Solar System formation.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus resistance generated by quadruple knockout of homologs of TOBAMOVIRUS MULTIPLICATION1 in tomato.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging virus of the genus Tobamovirus. ToBRFV overcomes the tobamovirus resistance gene Tm-22 and is rapidly spreading worldwide. Genetic resources for ToBRFV resistance are urgently needed.

Last glacial temperature reconstructions using coupled isotopic analyses of fossil snails and stalagmites from archaeological caves in Okinawa, Japan.

We applied a new geoarchaeological method with two carbonate archives, which are fossil snails from Sakitari Cave and stalagmites from Gyokusen Cave, on Okinawa Island, Japan, to reconstruct surface air temperature changes over the northwestern Pacific since the last glacial period. Oxygen isotope ratios (δO) of modern and fossil freshwater snail shells were determined to infer seasonal temperature variations. The observational and analytical data confirm that δO values of fluid inclusion waters in the stalagmite can be regarded as those of spring waters at the sites where snails lived.

The involvement of protein denaturing activity in the effect of surfactants on skin barrier function.

Background/purpose: Detailed information on the mechanism by which surfactants affect the skin barrier function is still scarce. We investigated the contribution of protein denaturation to the effect of surfactants on barrier function.

Methods: The Transmission Index method, which evaluates the actual effect of surfactants on barrier function, was combined with a microplate assay measuring protein denaturation activity.

Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity.

Previously, we found (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) to be a selective inhibitor of root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM, with no concomitant growth inhibition, and revealed the structure-activity relationship in this inhibitory activity. The conformation of ku-76 is flexible owing to the open-chain structure of pentan-2,4-dienoic acid with freely rotating single bonds, and the (2Z)-alkene moiety may be isomerized by external factors. To develop more potent inhibitors and obtain insight into the target biomolecules, various analogues of ku-76, fixed through conformation and/or configuration, were synthesized and evaluated.

Retrograde transvenous lymphatic embolization for postoperative chylous ascites: A report of three cases and literature review.

Percutaneous transabdominal lymphangiography and embolization have been reported as useful approaches for intractable chylothorax or chylous ascites. However, they are often difficult to perform after extensive lymph node dissection because disruption of the antegrade lymphatic flow makes leaks identification difficult. When the leakage point cannot be identified or percutaneous transabdominal lymphangiography and embolization fail, a retrograde transvenous approach to the thoracic duct can be used instead.

Safety and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Nacubactam, a Novel β-Lactamase Inhibitor, Alone and in Combination with Meropenem, in Healthy Volunteers.

Nacubactam is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with dual mechanisms of action as an inhibitor of serine β-lactamases (classes A and C and some class D) and an inhibitor of penicillin binding protein 2 in The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous nacubactam were evaluated in single- and multiple-ascending-dose, placebo-controlled studies. Healthy participants received single ascending doses of nacubactam of 50 to 8,000 mg, multiple ascending doses of nacubactam of 1,000 to 4,000 mg every 8 h (q8h) for up to 7 days, or nacubactam of 2,000 mg plus meropenem of 2,000 mg q8h for 6 days after a 3-day lead-in period. Nacubactam was generally well tolerated, with the most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) being mild to moderate complications associated with intravenous access and headache.

Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism.

Previously, we found (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) to be a selective inhibitor of root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM, with no concomitant growth inhibition. Here, we describe a structure-activity relationship study of ku-76 to determine the essential structural features for the inhibitory activity. A series of ku-76 analogues was synthesized and the key features of ku-76 that are necessary for inhibition of lettuce root gravitropic bending were determined.

Community pharmacy-level factors associated with medical and nursing home facility collaboration in Japan.

The aim of this study was to clarify the community pharmacy-level factors related to experiences of and attitudes toward collaboration with medical and nursing home care facilities. We conducted a postal questionnaire survey of all pharmacies in Gifu, Japan, assessing the experiences and attitudes of supervising pharmacists regarding the following activities related to collaboration between medical facilities and nursing home care facilities: regional care meetings/service adjustment meetings, case discussion conferences, joint workshops/continuing education conferences, community service, information sharing through medical cooperation networks, and pharmacists accompanying physicians on home care visits. The factors significantly related to inter-professional collaboration were the family pharmacist guidance fee and the number of patients offered pharmaceutical care through cooperation with other medical facilities.

Bongkrekic acid facilitates glycolysis in cultured cells and induces cell death under low glucose conditions.

Bongkrekic acid (BKA) inhibits adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and suppresses ADP/ATP exchange in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Previously, we demonstrated that BKA exhibited cytotoxic effects on 4T1 tumor cells, depending on the cell number in the culture, but not on NIH3T3 cells. However, the cause of this differential sensitivity was unelucidated.