[Comparison of Adhesive Properties of Transdermal Patches Distributing in Japan-Tack and Peel Strength].

Forty-four brands of transdermal patches for twelve kinds of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are available in Japan as of April 30, 2018. Although approximately one-third of the corresponding pharmaceutical interview forms lack information on how to evaluate the adhesive properties of the patches, the peel test, probe tack test, or inclined ball tack test have generally been adopted. This means that it might be difficult to simply compare the adhesive properties among the patches because the testing methods are not unified in some cases.

Attenuation of stroke damage by angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation.

The brain renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. It is known that stimulation of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT) receptor protects against ischemic brain injury. We recently demonstrated that AT receptor stimulation by compound 21 (C21), a direct AT receptor agonist, inhibited vascular intimal proliferation with activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ).

Deletion of interferon-regulatory factor-1 results in cognitive impairment.

Interferon-regulatory factor (IRF)-1-dependent genes in neurons play a role in ischemic neuronal death; however, the roles of IRF-1 in dementia are not well investigated. Therefore, we assessed the effect of IRF-1 on cognitive function using a vascular cognitive impairment mouse model created by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Male 10-week-old C57BL/6 (wild-type; WT) and IRF-1-knockout (IRF-1KO) mice were used in this study.

Correction to: Atypical erythroblastosis in a patient with Diamond-Blackfan anemia who developed del(20q) myelodysplasia.

The corresponding author should be ''Masataka Ishimura'', and not ''Motoshi Sonoda'' as given in the original publication of the article.

Whole-exome analysis to detect congenital hemolytic anemia mimicking congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a heterogeneous group of rare congenital disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and dysplastic changes in erythroblasts. Diagnosis of CDA is based primarily on the morphology of bone marrow erythroblasts; however, genetic tests have recently become more important. Here, we performed genetic analysis of 10 Japanese patients who had been diagnosed with CDA based on laboratory findings and morphological characteristics.

VHL-Associated Optic Nerve Hemangioblastoma Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Central nervous system hemangioblastomas are generally restricted to the cerebellum, spinal cord, and brainstem. Supratentorial hemangioblastomas are uncommon, and optic nerve hemangioblastomas are extremely rare, with fewer than 25 reports including this case. In this report, we present the case of a 36-year-old woman with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who presented with progressive diminution of vision in the left eye due to a retrobulbar optic nerve hemangioblastoma.

Spinal Cord Swelling After Surgery in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Relationship With Intramedullary Gd-DTPA Enhancement on MRI.

Study Design: This is a prospective multicenter study.

Summary Of Background Data: Postoperative spinal cord swelling has been reported in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. In the cases of the spinal cord swelling, the involvement in the intramedullary gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was referred.

Yokukansan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, Enhances the Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Function in Cultured Rat Cortical Astrocytes.

Astrocytes carry two glutamate transporters-GLAST and GLT-1-the latter of which is responsible for >90% of glutamate uptake activity in the brain; however, under culture conditions, the GLT-1 expression in astrocytes is exceedingly low, as is the glutamate uptake activity mediated by GLT-1. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of yokukansan (YKS) in relation to the GLT-1-mediated regulation of extracellular glutamate concentrations. Thus, we treated cultured astrocytes with tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and dibutyryl-cAMP (dBcAMP) (hereinafter, referred to as "TA") to increase GLT-1 expression and then functionally examined how YKS would affect glutamate uptake ability derived from GLT-1.

Clinical and Genetic Features of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome with Long-Term Follow-Up.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical manifestations, prognosis, and HLA-type of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) with long-term follow-up.

Methods: Clinical data of five patients with TINU were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The mean age was 15.

Myelodysplastic syndrome in an infant with constitutional pure duplication 1q41-qter.

We report on a Japanese female infant as the fourth patient with the constitutional pure duplication 1q41-qter confirmed by chromosomal microarray and as the first who developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) among those with the constitutional 1q duplication. Common clinical features of the constitutional pure duplication 1q41-qter include developmental delay, craniofacial characteristics, foot malformation, hypertrichosis, and respiratory insufficiency. The association between MDS and the duplication of the genes in the 1q41-qter region remains unknown.

Recognition of early stage thigmotaxis in Morris water maze test with convolutional neural network.

The Morris water maze test (MWM) is a useful tool to evaluate rodents' spatial learning and memory, but the outcome is susceptible to various experimental conditions. Thigmotaxis is a commonly observed behavioral pattern which is thought to be related to anxiety or fear. This behavior is associated with prolonged escape latency, but the impact of its frequency in the early stage on the final outcome is not clearly understood.

First pathological report of a de novo CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome-like neuropathy due to neurolymphomatosis.

Peripheral neuropathy occurs in approximately 5% of the patients with lymphoma. Two major causes of peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphoma are neurolymphomatosis and paraneoplastic neuropathy such as demyelinating neuropathy. The differential diagnosis between neurolymphomatosis and demyelinating neuropathy is difficult, because electrophysiological findings suggestive of demyelination are frequently observed even in patients with neurolymphomatosis.

Usefulness of gastroduodenal biopsy in the differential diagnosis of systemic AH amyloidosis from systemic AL amyloidosis.

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of gastroduodenal biopsy for the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain amyloid deposition. Ig heavy-chain amyloidosis (AH amyloidosis) is Ig-related amyloidosis classified together with Ig light-chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis). Compared with AL amyloidosis, patients with AH amyloidosis exhibit a better prognosis and they may not need an aggressive treatment.

Distribution of ossified spinal lesions in patients with severe ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and prediction of ossification at each segment based on the cervical OP index classification: a multicenter study (JOSL CT study).

Background: In patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine, it is well known that the thoracic ossified lesions often coexist with the cervical lesions and can cause severe myelopathy. However, the prevalence of OPLL at each level of the thoracic and lumbar spinal segments is unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate how often OPLL occurs at each level in the thoracolumbar spine in patients with a radiological diagnosis of cervical OPLL and to identify the spinal levels most likely to develop ossification.

Time-dependent change in relapse sites of renal cell carcinoma after curative surgery.

We investigated time-dependent changes in the relapse features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after curative surgery. Between 1985 and 2015, 1398 patients with RCC (1226 clear cell RCC, 89 papillary RCC, and 53 chromophobe RCC) underwent curative surgery at Yokohama City University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic factors of patients with relapse after surgery.

Atypical erythroblastosis in a patient with Diamond-Blackfan anemia who developed del(20q) myelodysplasia.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital red cell aplasia arising from ribosomal protein (RP) defects. Affected patients present with neonatal anemia, occasional dysmorphism, and cancer predisposition. An anemic newborn was diagnosed with DBA due to RPL5 mutation (c.

Beneficial Effect of Mas Receptor Deficiency on Vascular Cognitive Impairment in the Presence of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor.

Background: The classical renin-angiotensin system is known as the angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor axis, which induces various organ damage including cognitive decline. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is known to exert antagonistic actions against the classical renin-angiotensin system axis in the cardiovascular system. However, its roles in the brain remain unclear.

Peptide YY Causes Apathy-Like Behavior via the Dopamine D2 Receptor in Repeated Water-Immersed Mice.

Apathy is observed across several neurological and psychiatric conditions; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. We clarified the involvement of brain-gut signaling in the disruption of goal-directed behavior. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to water immersion (WI) stress for 3 days.

Predicting outcome of Morris water maze test in vascular dementia mouse model with deep learning.

The Morris water maze test (MWM) is one of the most popular and established behavioral tests to evaluate rodents' spatial learning ability. The conventional training period is around 5 days, but there is no clear evidence or guidelines about the appropriate duration. In many cases, the final outcome of the MWM seems predicable from previous data and their trend.

BC-Box Motif-Mediated Neuronal Differentiation of Somatic Stem Cells.

Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) functions to induce neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) and skin-derived precursors (SKPs). Here we identified a neuronal differentiation domain (NDD) in pVHL. Neuronal differentiation of SKPs was induced by intracellular delivery of a peptide composed of the amino-acid sequences encoded by the NDD.