Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of a Complex Heterojunction in High-Efficiency Thin-Film Photovoltaics: Intermixing and Zn Speciation at the Zn(O,S)/Cu(In,Ga)Se Interface.

The chemical structure of the Zn(O,S)/Cu(In,Ga)Se interface in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices is investigated using X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy, as well as soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. We find that the Ga/(Ga+In) ratio at the absorber surface does not change with the formation of the Zn(O,S)/Cu(In,Ga)Se interface. Furthermore, we find evidence for Zn in multiple bonding environments, including ZnS, ZnO, Zn(OH), and ZnSe.

Co-solvent enhanced zinc oxysulfide buffer layers in Kesterite copper zinc tin selenide solar cells.

A co-solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), is added to the aqueous chemical "bath" deposition (CBD) process used to grow ZnOS buffer layers for thin film Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cells. Device performance improves markedly as fill factors increase from 0.17 to 0.

Evaluation of 90Y phosphate particles as a possible radiation synoviorthesis agent.

Background: 90Y is one of the radioisotopes used extensively for therapy due to its favourable nuclear characteristics. Particles and colloids incorporating 90Y are being used for radiation synovectomy, especially in European countries.

Methods: In our present work, 90Y phosphate particles were prepared and evaluated for use in radiation synovectomy.