Outcome of boys with posterior urethral valves from a single tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Introduction: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common congenital cause of bladder outflow obstruction in male infants. Despite timely treatment, renal damage can still occur in the long-term leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: A retrospective review of all PUV patients in a single tertiary institution between April 1998 and July 2019 was conducted to analyze their presentations, management and outcomes.

Müllerian agenesis in the presence of anorectal malformations in female newborns: a diagnostic challenge.

Rectovestibular fistula is the most common type of anomaly found in a female newborn with anorectal malformation. However, when the baby is found to have two orifices in the introitus, rectovaginal fistula is much less common and suspected. The rare differential diagnosis of Müllerian agenesis, a condition in which the rectum shifts anteriorly and the vagina is absent, is seldom considered.

Hepatic duct confluence injury in blunt abdominal trauma - a diagnostic dilemma.

Isolated hepatic duct confluence injury due to trauma is unusual. Two cases of isolated bile duct injury are presented, which were diagnosed and managed successfully at our institution.

Hepaticoduodenostomy versus hepaticojejunostomy after resection of choledochal cyst: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excision has been established as a standard management practice for choledochal cysts in the last few decades. The two most commonly performed methods of reconstruction after excision are hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), of which the HJ is favored by most surgeons. Evidence concerning the optimal method of reconstruction is, however, sparse.

Multiple neural tube defects may not be very rare.

Background: Multiple neural tube defects (MNTDs) are a rare occurrence. Although the clinical incidence is small, MNTDs raise some interesting embryological queries.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the morphological and clinical variations observed in neonates presenting with multiple neural tube defects and associated central nervous system anomalies.

Spontaneous intestinal perforation.

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, the most common gastrointestinal emergency in neonates, typically affects the preterm infants and carries high mortality. Classic clinical trad consists of abdominal distension, bloody stools, and pneumatosis intestinalis. Occasionally, signs and symptoms may not be classic and a number of papers have highlighted the difficulty of relying on radiological features to make a definitive diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis.

Extraadrenal pheochromocytoma with renal artery "pseudostenosis"-an important pitfall.

Pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis are two common causes of surgically correctable childhood hypertension that may coexist. We describe a case of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma with left upper polar renal artery pseudostenosis. The tumor was excised, preserving the accessory renal artery and kidney.

Novel association of multiple gastrointestinal anomalies in a single patient: can Sonic Hedgehog explain it?

The occurrence of four gastrointestinal (GIT) anomalies in a single patient is extremely rare. Only one report of four GIT anomalies in a child has been published in the English literature. The current report presents a child with four anomalies and discusses the molecular mechanisms which control the development of the gastrointestinal tract.

Percutaneous retrieval of coiled double-J stent from renal pelvis after Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty: report of two cases.

Double-J (DJ) ureteral stents are routinely placed for internal urinary diversion post renal pyeloplasty. Malfunction of the stent may occur due to migration, necessitating removal. Upward migration of a DJ stent is rarely encountered in urologic practice when a ureteroscope is used to retrieve the stent.

Embryogenesis of triple neural tube defects: sonic hedgehog--a key?

Neural tube closure is a complex spatio-temporal process. Multiple neural tube defects (NTDs) in a single patient are extremely rare. Only a few cases of multiple NTDs have been reported in the world literature, including less than 20 cases of double NTDs and 3 cases of triple NTDs.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in North-west Indian children with posterior urethral valves.

Purpose: To investigate the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and other risk factors with renal scarring in patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV).

Materials And Methods: Forty consecutive patients from North-west India were treated for PUV in 1997-2004. The patients were divided into group 1 (no renal scarring, n=12) and group 2 (renal scars present, n=28) based on dimercato-succinic acid scans.

Comparative efficacy and safety of extended-release and instant-release tolterodine in children with neural tube defects having cystometric abnormalities.

Aim: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of extended-release (ER) and instant-release (IR) tolterodine preparations in a pediatric population with neural tube defects having cystometric abnormalities.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with neural tube defects and a similar demographic profile underwent a routine hemogram, liver function tests, renal function tests, urine culture, X-ray lumbo-sacral spine, and renal and bladder ultrasound. Vesicoureteric reflux was diagnosed by micturating cystourethrogram under fluoroscopy.

Endoscopic management of traumatic hepatobiliary injuries.

Background: Non-surgical treatment has become the therapeutic method of choice in hemodynamically stable patients with liver trauma. There are a few reports of endoscopic management of traumatic hepatobiliary injuries in such patients; however, the optimal intervention is not known.

Methods: Twenty patients with traumatic hepatobiliary injuries from May 1997 to November 2005 were retrospectively evaluated.

Does mode of treatment affect the outcome of neonatal posterior urethral valves?

Purpose: A prospective study on the outcome of posterior urethral valves (PUV) was performed. The data analyzed were whether the modality of treatment (fulguration vs vesicostomy) affected renal function and somatic growth, and whether the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and abnormal serum creatinine levels affected somatic growth.

Materials And Methods: A total of 45 consecutive neonates were diagnosed and treated for PUV with fulguration (24) or vesicostomy (21) between 1997 and 2003.