Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for perioperative management of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by fat embolism syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a known complication of long bone fracture and can affect multiple organs. The organ most commonly affected with FES is the lung. Severe cases of FES from long bone fracture can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Degenerative changes in cartilage likely occur in the medial compartment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging with T1ρ mapping is used to quantify the amount of glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage, which reflects early degenerative changes. The purposes of this study were to evaluate early degenerative changes in knees after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction by comparing T1ρ values before and 2 years after surgery and investigate whether surgical factors and clinical outcomes are related to differences in T1ρ values.

Methods: Fifty patients who underwent unilateral primary ACL reconstruction were evaluated using T1ρ mapping before and 2 years after surgery.

Anterolateral rotatory instability correlates tunnel position after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.

Aim: To quantitatively assess rotatory and anterior-posterior instability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autografts, and to clarify the influence of tunnel positions on the knee stability.

Methods: Single-bundle ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft was performed on 50 patients with a mean age of 28 years using the trans-tibial (TT) ( = 20) and trans-portal (TP) ( = 30) techniques. Femoral and tibial tunnel positions were identified from the high-resolution 3D-CT bone models two weeks after surgery.

Overestimation of femoral tunnel length during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the retrograde outside-in drilling technique.

Purpose: When the femoral tunnel socket is reamed in an oblique direction from the wall of inter-condylar notch in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the tunnel length can be shorter at the periphery than at the centre. Because surgeons can manipulate the direction of tunnel in the outside-in femoral tunnel drilling technique, this length mismatch would vary depending on the direction of the tunnel. The purpose of this study was to investigate this length mismatch when reamed in various directions.

Comparison of graft bending angle during knee motion after outside-in, trans-portal and trans-tibial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: To determine graft bending angle (GBA) during knee motion after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to clarify whether surgical techniques affect GBA. Our hypotheses were that the graft bending angle would be highest at knee extension and the difference of surgical techniques would affect the bending steepness.

Methods: Eight healthy volunteers with a mean age of 29.

Characterization of Biochemical Cartilage Change After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using T1ρ Mapping Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured knees are at an increased risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). OA changes secondary to ACL injuries have many variations, and when and where early cartilage degenerative change begins has not yet been established.

Purpose: To characterize the location of cartilage degeneration after ACL injury associated with time since injury using T1rho (T1ρ) mapping.

Asymmetry in Femoral Tunnel Socket Length During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Transportal, Outside-In, and Modified Transtibial Techniques.

Purpose: To investigate the mismatch between the length at the center and the length on the shortest and longest peripheral sides of the femoral tunnel socket, reamed with the transportal (TP), outside-in (OI), and modified transtibial (TT) techniques, in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods: Femoral tunnel drilling was simulated on 3-dimensional bone models from 40 subjects. The tunnel directions used with the TP, OI, and modified TT techniques were previously described.

Detection of early cartilage deterioration associated with meniscal tear using T1ρ mapping magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: In patients with degenerative meniscal tears, subclinical cartilage degeneration may be present even if gross morphological changes are not evident. The aim of this study was to detect occult cartilage degeneration using T1ρ MRI mapping in patients with meniscal tears without obvious radiographic osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: A total of 22 subjects with degenerative meniscal tears in the early stages of osteoarthritis [Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade of 0-2] and 19 healthy subjects as the control group were examined.

Subclinical cartilage degeneration in young athletes with posterior cruciate ligament injuries detected with T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging mapping.

Purpose: Prediction of the risk of osteoarthritis in asymptomatic active patients with an isolated injury of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is difficult. T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the quantification of the proteoglycan content in the articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate subclinical cartilage degeneration in asymptomatic young athletes with chronic PCL deficiency using T1ρ MRI.

Optimal entry position on the lateral femoral surface for outside-in drilling technique to restore the anatomical footprint of anterior cruciate ligament.

Purpose: To investigate the optimal starting points for drilling on the lateral femoral condyle for better coverage of the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using the outside-in (OI) technique in a single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Methods: Femoral tunnel drilling was simulated on three-dimensional bone models from 40 subjects by connecting the centre of the ACL footprint with various points on the lateral femoral surface. The percentage of the femoral footprint covered by apertures of the virtual tunnel sockets with 9 mm diameter was calculated for each tunnel.

Femoral tunnel apertures on the lateral cortex in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an analysis of cortical button fixation.

Purpose: If the aperture of the oval-shaped femoral tunnel on the lateral cortex becomes bigger than half the size of the cortical button, the risk of fixation failure increases. This study investigated the effect of the location of the entry point and diameter of the femoral tunnel on the length of the major axis of the tunnel aperture in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using an outside-in technique.

Methods: Simulation of femoral tunnel drilling was performed on computed tomography (CT)-based 3-dimensional (3D) bone models obtained from 40 participants.

Comparison of transtibial and transportal techniques in drilling femoral tunnels during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using 3D-CAD models.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in bone tunnel apertures between the trans-accessory medial portal (trans-AMP) technique and the transtibial (TT) technique in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The extent of ovalization and the frequency of overlap of the two tunnel apertures were compared.

Methods: The simulation of femoral tunnel drilling with the TT and the trans-AMP techniques was performed using three-dimensional computer aided design models from two volunteers.

Influences of knee flexion angle and portal position on the location of femoral tunnel outlet in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with anteromedial portal technique.

Purpose: To evaluate the influences of knee flexion angle and portal position on the location of femoral tunnel outlet in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with the anteromedial (AM) portal technique.

Methods: We recruited 6 volunteers with 12 normal knees. Each knee was flexed 120° or 135° and scanned with an open MRI.