Conditions Inducing Excessive O-GlcNAcylation Inhibit BMP2-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Cells.

Hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients can affect various cellular functions, including the modulation of osteogenic differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycemia affects osteogenic differentiation are yet to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate whether the aberrant increase in protein -linked-β--acetylglucosamine glycosylation (-GlcNAcylation) contributes to the suppression of osteogenic differentiation due to hyperglycemia.

Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation Through Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling.

Morinda citrifolia (Noni) leaf is an herbal medicine with application in the domestic treatment of a broad range of conditions, including bone fracture and luxation. However, the basic mechanism underlying the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation by Noni leaf extract remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of this extract on osteogenic differentiation and the mechanism by which Noni leaf extract enhances osteogenic differentiation.

Erratum: Institutions, Correspondence, Figures & Legends Correction. Hyperglycemia increases the expression levels of sclerostin in a reactive oxygen species- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent manner.

[This corrects the article on p. 101 in vol. 45, PMID: 26131370.

Hyperglycemia increases the expression levels of sclerostin in a reactive oxygen species- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent manner.

Purpose: Sclerostin, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, exerts negative effects on bone formation and contributes to periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss. Recent studies have demonstrated that serum sclerostin levels are increased in diabetic patients and that sclerostin expression in alveolar bone is enhanced in a diabetic periodontitis model. However, the molecular mechanism of how sclerostin expression is enhanced in diabetic patients remains elusive.

EGF Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation by Promoting β-Catenin Degradation.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and canonical Wnts are representative developmental signals that enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Previously, we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation by inducing Smurf1 expression. However, the regulatory role of EGF in Wnt/β-catenin-induced osteoblast differentiation has not been elucidated.

Morinda citrifolia leaves enhance osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells.

This present study investigated the potential of Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract to induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in complete medium, ascorbic acid with β-glycerophosphate, or Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract. Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity compared to culturing in complete medium or ascorbic acid with β-glycerophosphate.

Evolution in fast forward: a potential role for mutators in accelerating Staphylococcus aureus pathoadaptation.

Pathogen evolution and subsequent phenotypic heterogeneity during chronic infection are proposed to enhance Staphylococcus aureus survival during human infection. We tested this theory by genetically and phenotypically characterizing strains with mutations constructed in the mismatch repair (MMR) and oxidized guanine (GO) system, termed mutators, which exhibit increased spontaneous-mutation frequencies. Analysis of these mutators revealed not only strain-dependent increases in the spontaneous-mutation frequency but also shifts in mutational type and hot spots consistent with loss of GO or MMR functions.

Morinda citrifolia leaves enhance osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells.

This present study investigated the potential of Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract to induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in complete medium, ascorbic acid with β-glycerophosphate, or Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract. Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity compared to culturing in complete medium or ascorbic acid with β-glycerophosphate.

Enterococcus faecalis enhances cell proliferation through hydrogen peroxide-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor activation.

Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the intestinal and oral microbiota that may affect the etiology of colorectal and oral cancers. The mechanisms by which E. faecalis may contribute to the initiation and progression of these cancers remain uncertain.

The interleukin-17 receptor plays a gender-dependent role in host protection against Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontal bone loss.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by the newly described CD4(+) Th17 subset, which is distinct from classic Th1 and Th2 lineages. IL-17 contributes to bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis but is essential in host defense against pathogens that are susceptible to neutrophils. Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by anaerobic oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, and it is characterized by host-mediated alveolar bone destruction due primarily to the immune response.