Risk for intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer stratified by the results on two consecutive UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization tests: a prospective follow-up study in Japan.

Background: A previous comparative study in Japan has demonstrated that the two consecutive UroVysion tests are useful tools to detect the presence of bladder cancer during follow-up after transurethral resection, but they also presented their high rates of false-positive results. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the UroVysion tests and subsequent intravesical recurrence.

Methods: In the previous study, patients without bladder cancer during the first analysis showed the same examination set repeated 3 months later as the second analysis.

Clinical evaluation of two consecutive UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization tests to detect intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer: a prospective blinded comparative study in Japan.

Background: We evaluated the use of UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization tests to detect the intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer during follow-up after a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

Methods: In this prospective, blinded, comparative study, 486 patients treated by TURBT within the prior 2 years were registered at 12 centers. Urine cytology and UroVysion tests were performed once or twice at a central testing laboratory.

Randomized Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Quality of Life with Low Dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation Therapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: The optimal dose of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer is controversial. We investigated if induction therapy with low dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin could achieve a complete response rate similar to that of standard dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin, with less toxicity and higher quality of life.

Materials And Methods: After transurethral resection, patients with unresectable multiple nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and/or carcinoma in situ were randomized to receive standard (80 mg) or low dose (40 mg) bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation induction therapy (weekly, 8 times).

Serum exosomal P-glycoprotein is a potential marker to diagnose docetaxel resistance and select a taxoid for patients with prostate cancer.

Objectives: Docetaxel is used as the first-line chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but docetaxel resistance occurs in part owing to induction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) gene. A recently developed taxane-cabazitaxel-has poor affinity for P-gp and is thereby effective in docetaxel-resistant CRPC. It has been recently demonstrated that exosomes in the body fluids could serve as a diagnostic marker because they contain proteins and RNAs specific to the cells from which they are derived.

CCR1/CCL5 interaction promotes invasion of taxane-resistant PC3 prostate cancer cells by increasing secretion of MMPs 2/9 and by activating ERK and Rac signaling.

Castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) is treated with taxane-based chemotherapy, but eventually becomes drug resistant. It is thus essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for taxane resistance in CRPC patients. We investigated the role of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1) and its ligand, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), in taxane-resistant CRPC using paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells (PC3PR) established from PC3 cells.

Rapid progression of a urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma: report of a case.

The case we report shows rapid progression and a very poor prognosis only for a month that differs from the clinical course reported in the literature. An 83-year-old man was referred to our hospital for macroscopic hematuria. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large bladder tumor measuring 4 cm × 3 cm and magnetic resonance imaging revealed extravesical invasion and pelvic wall invasion of the tumors.

[Clinical usefulness of chlormadinone acetate as an alternative antiandrogen therapy for prostate cancer relapse after combined androgen blockade therapy].

We prospectively studied the usefulness of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) as an alternative therapy for prostate cancer relapse after combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy. Sixteen patients with relapsed prostate cancer after treatment with CAB, including surgical or medical castration and nonsteroidal antiandrogens, 80 mg bicalutamide daily or 375 mg flutamide daily, were enrolled. After discontinuing the antiandrogen for evaluating the patient for the antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome, we administered 100 mg CMA daily as alternative antiandrogen and estimated its effect.

[Segmental testicular infarction--a case report].

A 31-year-old male visited our hospital with a complaint of left scrotal pain that began suddenly one week before the visit. The results of scrotal examination, blood cell count and biochemical examination were normal. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-defined avascular lesion of the left testis with rim enhancement.

[Discrepancy between Gleason score of needle biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens--current situation of general pathologists].

We retrospectively reviewed the discrepancy in Gleason score between needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens. Specimens from 153 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy at Gifu University Hospital and 9 community-based institutions between January 2001 and December 2005, were studied. Gleason score was determined by the general pathologist at each institution.

[Laparoscopic examination of the nonpalpable testis].

We evaluated the results and advantages of laparoscopic examination in 28 patients with 32 nonpalpable testes. Between April 1991 and May 2006, 28 patients, 12 months to 12 years old, with 32 nonpalpable testes underwent diagnostic laparoscopy under general anesthesia before surgical management of the testes. If the blind end of the vas deferens and/or spermatic vessels was observed, the diagnosis of vanishing testis was made, and no further examination or treatment was performed.

[Renal adenoma treated with partial nephrectomy: a case report].

We report a case of renal adenoma which was diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma preoperatively. A 78-year-old man, who had been under observation for bladder cancer for 4 years, was incidentally found to have a small right renal tumor at follow-up computed tomography (CT). Enhanced CT demonstrated a tumor which was hypervascular, 10 x 10 mm size, at the lower pole of the right kidney.

[Clinical evaluation of our first 50 laparoscopic adrenalectomies].

We performed 50 laparoscopic adrenalectomies during the period from 1998 through 2003. We report our experience and the outcomes of this procedure, which has become a standard surgery for adrenal tumors. In most cases, the transperitoneal approach was used.

[A seminal vesicle cyst treated by transurethral resection: a case report].

A 40-year-old man with dysuria was referred to our department on November, 18, 2004. A transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass arising from his bladder neck. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the cyst to be homogeneous and ovally shaped with a clear margin.

[Study on clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea suspected as nosocomial infection in urology ward].

Between June 2000 and January 2001, 11 patients were diagnosed with Clostridium diffcile (C. difficile)-associated diarrhea in the ward of urology at the Kakegawa Municipal Hospital. Of these 11 patients, 10 had exposure to antimicrobial agents, before the onset of diarrhea.

[A case of acute renal failure due to parapelvic cyst in a solitary kidney].

A 79-year female patient had undergone right radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (pT3b, grade 1) in October 2000. Three years later, she complained of left back pain and anuria. The ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning showed a left hydronephrosis and parapelvic cyst.

[A case of mycotic spermatic cord abscess in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient].

A 66-year-old male patient has been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) since 1993, and was diagnosed with right hydrocele of the spermatic cord in 1998. He repeatedly developed CAPD-related bacterial peritonitis 3 times. In February 2001, hemodialysis was prescribed for treatment of mycotic peritonitis.

[A case of benign polyp with prostatic-type epithelium in the bulbar urethra].

We report a case of benign polyp with prostatic-type epithelium in the bulbar urethra. A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with voiding disturbance. Cystourethroscopy revealed a papillary tumor with a stalk in the 10 o'clock direction of the bulbar urethra.

[Septic shock following intracavitary Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for postcystectomy ureteral cancer].

A 72-year-old female patient was diagnosed as having a tumor in her bladder at the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed in November, 2002. Pathology showed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), G2>G3, pT1.

[A case of ex vivo renal artery reconstruction and autotransplantation for renal artery aneurysm].

A 74-year male patient was admitted to our department with a left renal artery aneurysm (RAA). It was detected by a computed tomography (CT) scan while performing an examination for hypertension. The diameter of the aneurysm was 25 mm.

[A case of bladder tumor producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor].

A 75-year-old male was admitted with high grade fever, general fatigue, and appetite loss. The laboratory examinations revealed leukocytosis of 31,700/mm3 (neutrophils: 88%) in the peripheral blood. Cystoscopy demonstrated multiple bladder tumor.

[Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder: report of three cases].

We report 3 cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. One patient was a 57-year-old female. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a small tumor, and cystoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor on the left wall.

[A case of delayed infection of a pelvic lymphocele following radical prostatectomy 4 months after operation].

Symptomatic lymphocele presented after pelvic lymphadenectomy for localized carcinoma of the prostate is a relatively rare complication. We treated a case of infected lymphocele presenting 4 months after a limited staging pelvic lymphadenectomy and a radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient was a 70-year-old Japanese man having the chief complaint of fever, right lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

Microscopic pulmonary tumor embolism secondary to adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

We report a case of pulmonary tumor embolism involving multiple emboli from an unusual site, an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A 78-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with stage IV (1997 version of the TNM classification) moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate in December 1997. He underwent bilateral orchiectomy and hormonal therapy with flutamide was started.

[Comparison of laparoscopic versus open surgery for adrenal tumor].

We performed 25 laparoscopic adrenalectomies for adrenal tumor between January 1998 and December 2000. In 23 cases, adrenal tumors were successfully removed laparoscopically, but in 2, the laparoscopic procedure was converted to open surgery because of liver injury and endoscopically uncontrolled bleeding at the renal hilum. Postoperative complications, involving retroperitoneal hematoma, hypercapnia, and wound infections, could be managed without surgical treatment.