Australian Communities That Care (CTC) intervention: Benefit-cost analysis of a community-based youth alcohol prevention initiative.

Background: Internationally, adolescent alcohol consumption has been a major community concern for decades. Globally, there is a growing array of interventions aimed at preventing youth alcohol-related problems. Notably, the Communities that Care (CTC) process in the USA has proven to be a cost-effective intervention, leading to a reduction in adolescent alcohol-related problems.

The association of glycaemic risk factors and diabetes duration with risk of heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To conduct a systematic review in order to better understand the association of glycaemic risk factors and diabetes duration with risk of heart failure (HF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We identified longitudinal studies investigating the association of glycaemic factors (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], HbA1c variability, and hypoglycaemia) and diabetes duration with HF in individuals with T2D. Hazard ratios and odds ratios were extracted and meta-analysed using a random-effects model where appropriate.

Impact of type 2 diabetes and its duration on incidence rates of dementia death and medication prescription in the Australian population during 2003-2016.

Aims: To quantify rates of dementia treatment and death among Australians with type 2 diabetes relative to those without diabetes using linked national registries of Australia.

Methods: The study included 891,418 people with type 2 diabetes registered on the National Diabetes Services Scheme and a randomly sampled, population-based comparison group (n = 1,131,369). Outcomes included dementia death (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia), and first prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine.

Impact of Mood Disorder History and Bone Health on Cognitive Function Among Men Without Dementia.

Background: Poor cognitive function, a major disabling condition of older age, is often considered a prodromal feature of dementia. High mortality and the lack of a cure for dementia have necessitated a focus on the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors. Mental and physical health conditions such as mood disorders and bone loss have been previously linked with poor cognition individually although their combined effect remains largely unknown.

A plasma protein signature associated with cognitive function in men without severe cognitive impairment.

Background: A minimally invasive blood-based assessment of cognitive function could be a promising screening strategy to identify high-risk groups for the incidence of Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: The study included 448 cognitively unimpaired men (mean age 64.1 years) drawn from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Genetic polymorphism in BIN1 rather than APOE is associated with poor recognition memory among men without dementia.

Although several genetic polymorphisms have been linked with the risk of Alzheimer's disease, less is known about their impact on cognitive performance among cognitively healthy individuals. Our aim was to investigate the association of the genetic variant, rs744373 in the bridging integrator 1 gene (BIN1), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease after the APOE ε4 allele, with different cognitive domains among non-demented older men. Cognitive function was measured using the CogState Brief Battery, which assessed cognitive performance across four domains: psychomotor function, visual attention, recognition memory and working memory.

Depression and bone loss as risk factors for cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Depression is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but it is unclear whether depression is also associated with cognitive decline in the preclinical phase and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous meta-analyses have only investigated AD as an outcome without accounting for individuals showing cognitive decline that does not meet the diagnostic criteria for AD. Other potentially modifiable risk factors such as bone loss have also been less explored and there remains uncertainty around their temporal relationship with cognitive decline.

National level E-Resource Centre for Tobacco Control (E-RCTC): One stop solution to information on tobacco control in India.

The existing information on tobacco control, though highly valuable, is lying scattered at different sources. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh in collaboration and technical support of International Union against TB and Lung Diseases (The Union) undertook an initiative to start a national level E-Resource Centre for Tobacco Control (E-RCTC) with an aim to provide relevant information on tobacco control under one roof thereby countering the misleading facts on tobacco control which exist on various web engines. The national level E-Resource Centre for Tobacco Control was developed in three stages.

Application of 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ Workflows to Analyze CSF in Gliomas.

Proteomics is an indispensable tool for disease biomarker discovery. It is widely used for the analysis of biological fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and saliva, which further aids in our understanding of disease incidence and progression. CSF is often the biospecimen of choice in case of intracranial tumors, as rapid changes in the tumor microenvironment can be easily assessed due to its close proximity to the brain.

Elevated carbon dioxide levels lead to proteome-wide alterations for optimal growth of a fast-growing cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801.

The environmental considerations attributing to the escalation of carbon dioxide emissions have raised alarmingly. Consequently, the concept of sequestration and biological conversion of CO by photosynthetic microorganisms is gaining enormous recognition. In this study, in an attempt to discern the synergistic CO tolerance mechanisms, metabolic responses to increasing CO concentrations were determined for Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801, a fast-growing, novel freshwater strain, using quantitative proteomics.

An early investigative serum Raman spectroscopy study of meningioma.

Meningiomas represent one of the most frequently reported non-glial, primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Meningiomas often display a spectrum of anomalous locations and morphological attributes, deterring their timely diagnosis. Majority of them are sporadic in nature and thus the present-day screening strategies, including radiological investigations, often result in misdiagnosis due to their aberrant and equivocal radiological facets.