Molecular characterization of heat shock protein 70 and 90 genes and their expression analysis in air-breathing magur catfish (Clarias magur) while exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles.

The air-breathing magur catfish (Clarias magur) are frequently challenged with high environmental pollutants, including that of various metal nanoparticles (NPs) in their natural habitats. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential molecular chaperones for preserving intracellular protein homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. In aquatic animals, HSPs are known to play important defensive roles associated with various environmental stress-related cellular damages.

Fasciola gigantica vaccine construct: an in silico approach towards identification and design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine using calcium binding EF-hand proteins.

Continuous attempts have been made to pinpoint candidate vaccine molecules and evaluate their effectiveness in order to commercialise such vaccines for the treatment of tropical fascioliasis in livestock. The pathophysiology of fascioliasis can be related to liver damage brought on by immature flukes that migrate and feed, as well as immunological reactions to chemicals produced by the parasites and alarm signals brought on by tissue damage. Future research should, in our opinion, concentrate on the biology of invasive parasites and the resulting immune responses, particularly in the early stages of infection.

Quercetin acts as a P-gp modulator via impeding signal transduction from nucleotide-binding domain to transmembrane domain.

The inherent ability of the cancer cells to resist chemotherapeutic agents is a major challenge in drug discovery. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment methods for cancer, but due to multidrug resistance (MDR) development in cancer cells, the healing procedure often fails. Various factors impart cancer resistance to cells; among them, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression is directly linked to MDR in cancer cells.

Design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for immune-protection against Leishmania parasite.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an insect-borne neglected disease caused by the protozoan parasite . In the absence of a commercial vaccine against VL, chemotherapy is currently the only option used for the treatment of VL. Vaccination has been considered as the most effective and powerful tool for complete eradication and control of infectious diseases.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of eukaryotic protein kinases.

The tropical liver fluke,  is a food-borne parasite responsible for the hepatobiliary disease fascioliasis. The recent completion of  genome sequencing by our group has provided a platform for the systematic analysis of the parasite genome. Eukaryotic protein kinases (ePKs) are regulators of cellular phosphorylation.

Draft Genome of the Liver Fluke .

Fascioliasis, a neglected foodborne disease caused by liver flukes (genus ), affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Despite technological advances, little is known about the molecular biology and biochemistry of these flukes. We present the draft genome of for the first time.

Conserved Arg451 residue is critical for maintaining the stability and activity of thioredoxin glutathione reductase.

Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a potential anthelminthic drug target causes NADPH-dependent transfer of electrons to both thioredoxins and glutathione systems. In the present study, we showed that a single point mutation conserved at Arg451 position is critical for maintaining the structure-function of FgTGR. The current biochemical results showed that R451A mutation significantly decreases both oxidoreductase activities (glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase) of the enzyme.

Large Mid-Esophageal Granular Cell Tumor: Benign Versus Malignant.

Granular cell tumors are rare soft tissue neoplasms, among which only 2% are malignant, arising from nervous tissue. Here we present a case of a large esophageal granular cell tumor with benign histopathological features which metastasized to the liver, but showing on positron emission tomography-computerized tomography standardized uptake value suggestive of a benign lesion.