Safety assessment of a novel, dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (mnemoPQQ).

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a potent coenzyme antioxidant naturally occurring in foods, has been demonstrated to protect brain cells by enhancing the expression of nerve growth factors (NGF) and NGF receptors, and suppressing the fibril formation and aggression of amyloid β. We developed mnemoPQQ, a novel PQQ disodium salt and assessed its safety in GLP compliant toxicity studies. Acute toxicity studies of mnemoPQQ in Wistar rats revealed that its LD was 1825- and 1410 mg/kg body weight (bw) in male and female rats, respectively, whereas its acute dermal LD was >2000 mg/kg bw.

Effect of malachite green toxicity on non target soil organisms.

Although malachite green (MG), is banned in Europe and US for its carcinogenic and teratogenic effect, the dye being cheap, is persistently used in various countries for fish farming, silk, dye, leather and textile industries. Current research, however, fails to elucidate adequate knowledge concerning the effects of MG in our ecosystem. In the present investigation, for the first time, an attempt has been made to study the effects of MG on soil biota by testing Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Penicillium roqueforti, Eisenia fetida and seeds of three crop plants of different families.