The effects of nicotine withdrawal on exercise-related physical ability and sports performance in nicotine addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous research has established that nicotine withdrawal can ameliorate cardiovascular and pulmonary function in smokers. Nevertheless, the impact on physical fitness and athletic performance remains under-investigated.

Objective: To evaluating the impacts of nicotine withdrawal on both exercise performance and exercise-associated physical capabilities in nicotine-dependent individuals.