miR-9a and miR-10482-5p regulate the expression of chitin synthase and chitinase genes, enhancing lufenuron tolerance in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant agricultural pest, severely impacting the yield and quality of grain. Chitin is the momentous component of exoskeletons, which has a significant impact on the growth and development of insects. Our previous study found that exposure to lufenuron can reduce the expression of chitinase gene (SfCHT5) and increase the expression of chitin synthase gene (SfCHSB), two key genes for chitin synthesis in S.

Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in : Resistance Monitoring, Resistance Risk, and Resistance Mechanisms.

is a significant global pest, and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is extensively used in China for its control. Understanding CAP resistance in is crucial for effective management of this pest. Field populations exhibited varying degrees of resistance to CAP (RR = 1.

Investigation of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda: Heritability, cross-resistance, and mechanisms.

Lambda-cyhalothrin, a representative pyrethroid insecticide widely used for Spodoptera frugiperda control in China, poses challenges due to the development of resistance. This study investigates the realized heritability, inheritance pattern, cross-resistance, and resistance mechanisms to lambda-cyhalothrin. After 21 generations of selection, the lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strain (G21) developed a 171.

miR-317-3p and miR-283-5p Play a Crucial Role in Regulating the Resistance to Indoxacarb in by Targeting .

is primarily controlled through chemical insecticides. Our RNA-seq data highlight the overexpression of in indoxacarb-resistant . However, the exact role of in indoxacarb resistance and its regulatory mechanisms remains elusive.

Brown planthopper infestation on rice reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola by reducing root sugar allocation.

Plants are simultaneously attacked by different pests that rely on sugars uptake from plants. An understanding of the role of plant sugar allocation in these multipartite interactions is limited. Here, we characterized the expression patterns of sucrose transporter genes and evaluated the impact of targeted transporter gene mutants and brown planthopper (BPH) phloem-feeding and oviposition on root sugar allocation and BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Insecticide and dsRNA Codelivery System for Insecticide Resistance Management.

Targeted silencing of resistance-associated genes by specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an attractive strategy for overcoming insecticide resistance in insect pests. However, silencing target genes of insect pests by feeding on dsRNA transported via plants remains challenging. Herein, a codelivery system of insecticide and dsRNA is designed by encapsulating imidacloprid and ds within zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles to improve the susceptibility of (Stål) to imidacloprid.

RNA interference of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase increases the susceptibility of Aphis gossypii Glover to sulfoxaflor.

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is essential for the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances mediated by cytochrome P450. While several insect CPRs have been found to be associated with insecticide resistance, the CPR of Aphis gossypii has not been characterized, and its functional role in insecticide resistance remains undefined. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length sequence of A.

Redox and Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanoplatform for Enhanced Pesticide Delivery and Pest Control in Rice: Construction, Efficacy, and Potential Mechanisms.

The brown planthopper, (Stål), is a major rice pest in various Asian countries, causing significant negative impacts on rice yield and quality. In this study, we developed a novel nanoplatform (NIT@MON@CuS) for pesticide delivery that responds to redox and near-infrared light stimuli. The nanoplatform consisted of CuS nanoparticles with mesoporous organic silica (MON), loaded with nitenpyram (NIT).

Unintended consequences: Disrupting microbial communities of Nilaparvata lugens with non-target pesticides.

Insects are frequently exposed to a range of insecticides that can alter the structure of the commensal microbiome. However, the effects of exposure to non-target pesticides (including non-target insecticides and fungicides) on insect pest microbiomes are still unclear. In the present study, we exposed Nilaparvata lugens to three target insecticides (nitenpyram, pymetrozine, and avermectin), a non-target insecticide (chlorantraniliprole), and two fungicides (propiconazole and tebuconazole), and observed changes in the microbiome's structure and function.

Sublethal effects of acetamiprid and afidopyropen on Harmonia axyridis: insights from transcriptomics analysis.

Evaluating the sublethal effects of insecticide is crucial for protecting and utilizing natural enemies. In this study, we determined the sublethal effects of acetamiprid and afidopyropen on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these effects through transcriptomics analysis. The results showed that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid significantly reduced the adult fecundity and longevity of FH.

Characterization, expression, and functional analysis of TRPV genes in cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels have been found to be the molecular target of afidopyropen, a novel insecticide that is highly effective in controlling Aphis gossypii Glover in the field. However, the TRPV genes of A. gossypii has not yet been characterized.

Effects of lufenuron treatments on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Lufenuron is an effective benzoylurea insecticide that inhibits the synthesis of chitin and regulates the growth of insects. However, little is known about the effects of lufenuron treatment on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E.

Identification and expression analysis of G protein-coupled receptors in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.

G protein-coupled receptors play important roles in mediating signal transformation and physiological processes. As a new type of insecticide target, GPCRs have attracted much attention in recent years. However, GPCRs have not yet been identified in Aphis gossypii.

miRNA novel_268 targeting NlABCG3 is involved in nitenpyram and clothianidin resistance in Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most destructive pests that seriously threatens the high-quality and safe production of rice. However, due to the unscientific use of chemical insecticides, N. lugens has developed varying levels of resistance to insecticides, including nitenpyram and clothianidin.

The jasmonate-induced bHLH gene SlJIG functions in terpene biosynthesis and resistance to insects and fungus.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a key regulator of plant defense responses. Although the transcription factor MYC2, the master regulator of the JA signaling pathway, orchestrates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade that regulates the JA responses, only a few transcriptional regulators involved in this cascade have been described. Here, we identified the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), METHYL JASMONATE (MeJA)-INDUCED GENE (SlJIG), the expression of which was strongly induced by MeJA treatment.

Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) to triflumezopyrim: inheritance and fitness costs.

Background: Triflumezopyrim, a novel commercialized mesoionic chemical insecticide, has been confirmed as a promising insecticide for efficiently controlling the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Here, a laboratory triflumezopyrim-resistant (TR) strain and an isogenic susceptible (TS) strain were established to characterize the inheritance and fitness costs of triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens.

Dual oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of UGT overexpression-mediated clothianidin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Background: Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II metabolic enzymes involved in metabolism of toxins and resistance to insecticides in insect pests. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by xenobiotics are important for activation of detoxification pathways. However, relationships between ROS and UGTs involved in toxin metabolism and insecticide resistance remain unclear.

UDP-Glycosyltransferases from the UGT344 Family Are Involved in Sulfoxaflor Resistance in Glover.

UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to acceptor hydrophobic molecules and play very important roles in the biotransformation of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. Our previous studies demonstrated that UGTs participated in the detoxification of insecticides in . However, the potential roles of UGTs in resistance to sulfoxaflor are still unclear.

Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of , the Green Peach Aphid, Infected with Cucumber Mosaic Virus.

Aphids transmit CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) in a non-persistent manner. However, little is known about the mechanism of CMV transmission. In this study, an integrated analysis of the mRNA and protein was performed to identify important putative regulators involved in the transmission of CMV by aphids.

miRNAs targeting CYP6ER1 and CarE1 are involved in nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens.

The evolution of nitenpyram resistance has been confirmed to be related to overexpression of two key metabolic enzyme genes, CYP6ER1 and CarE1, in Nilaparvata lugens, a highly destructive rice pest that causes substantial economic losses and has developed insecticide resistance. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, whether they are involved in nitenpyram resistance is poorly understood in N. lugens.

Sublethal and lethal effects of the imidacloprid on the metabolic characteristics based on high-throughput non-targeted metabolomics in Aphis gossypii Glover.

Sublethal effect considered as an emerging factor to assess the environmental risk of insecticides, which can impact the insects on both physiology and behavior. Lethal exposure can be causing near immediate mortality. Pests are inevitably exposed to sublethal and lethal dose in the agroecosystem following application of pesticides.

Toxicity and sublethal effects of two plant allelochemicals on the demographical traits of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Plant allelochemicals are a group of secondary metabolites produced by plants to defend against herbivore. The mortality of two plant allelochemicals (tannic acid and gossypol) on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were investigated using feeding assays and the sublethal effects were evaluated using the age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Tannic acid and gossypol have deleterious effects on A.