Targeted activation of ErbB4 receptor ameliorates neuronal deficits and neuroinflammation in a food-borne polystyrene microplastic exposed mouse model.

The impact of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the nervous system has been documented in the literature. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ErbB4) is crucial in neuronal injury and regeneration processes. This study investigated the role of targeted activation of ErbB4 receptor through a small molecule agonist, 4-bromo-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (C11H7BrO3, E4A), in mitigating PS-MPs-induced neuronal injury.

Schisandrin B exerts anti-colorectal cancer effect through CXCL2/ERK/DUSP11 signaling pathway.

Background: Schisandrin B (Sch B) is an active component in Schisandra chinensis exerting anti-cancer effect, but the mechanism is obscure. This study was designed to explore the mechanism of Sch B against colorectal cancer (CRC).

Method: Apparent experiments including cell proliferation, transwell, colony formation, etc.

Uncovering the genetic variation spectrum of colorectal polyposis from a multicentre cohort in China.

This multicentre study addresses the genetic spectrum of colorectal polyposis in China. We analyzed 120 patients with over 10 adenomas using a 139-gene next-generation sequencing panel and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Findings revealed that 89 patients carried pathogenic germline variants, primarily in the APC gene.

Heterogeneous effects of genetic variants and traits associated with fasting insulin on cardiometabolic outcomes.

Elevated fasting insulin levels (FI), indicative of altered insulin secretion and sensitivity, may precede type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease onset. In this study, we group FI-associated genetic variants based on their genetic and phenotypic similarities and identify seven clusters with distinct mechanisms contributing to elevated FI levels. Clusters fall into two types: "non-diabetogenic hyperinsulinemia," where clusters are not associated with increased T2D risk, and "diabetogenic hyperinsulinemia," where T2D associations are driven by body fat distribution, liver function, circulating lipids, or inflammation.

High-solids gel properties of acid-hydrolyzed waxy maize starch are determined by the molecular-weight distribution.

This study aimed to understand the effect of molecular-weight distribution on the properties of acid-hydrolyzed waxy maize starches (AH-WMSs) prepared at different acid concentrations and hydrolysis times at 50 °C. A reduction in molecular weight of AH-WMS resulted in increased paste fluidity and light transmittance, as well as decreased sedimentation, amylose‑iodine complex, and pasting viscosity. Freshly prepared AH-WMS viscoelastic gels at 20 % solids showed thixotropy at 25 °C and 50 °C, and both the shear stress and the area of hysteresis loop decreased with decreasing molecular weights.

Influence of γ irradiation on the physicochemical properties of tapioca granular starch-ascorbyl palmitate complexes.

The original starch was irradiated with γ-rays at doses ranging from 0 to 10 kGy to investigate how irradiation influences the formation of tapioca granular starch-ascorbyl palmitate (TGS-AP) complexes. The results indicated that the pretreatment of tapioca starch with appropriate irradiation doses effectively increased the content of AP encapsulated in the complex, and the loading efficiency increased from 22.74 % (0 kGy) to a maximum of 32.

SARM1 deletion inhibits astrogliosis and BBB damage through Jagged-1/Notch-1/NF-κB signaling to improve neurological function after ischemic stroke.

Reactive astrogliosis is a critical process in the development of ischemic stroke. However, the precise mechanism by which reactive astrogliosis changes the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains elusive. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) plays a key role in axonal degeneration and is involved in different cell death programs that regulate neuronal survival.

Research progress on estrogen and estrogen receptors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a category of disease related to sex differences, with a significantly higher incidence in women than in men. In addition to X chromosome inactivation abnormalities, Estrogen and estrogen receptors may lead to the sex differences in AITD. Estrogen, estrogen receptors and estrogen receptor-mediated signaling pathways can affect the number and function of immune cells and the function of the thyroid to promote the development of AITD.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel aminopyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors.

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is significantly challenged by the development of acquired resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, such as Osimertinib, which limits their therapeutic efficacy. Using the EGFR inhibitor Brigatinib as a reference compound, we designed and synthesized 24 target compounds with aminopyrimidine as the core structure. Among these, the representative compound IIB-5 demonstrated potent inhibition of EGFR, achieving an IC value of 18.

Investigation of self-regulation mechanisms of extracellular organic matters in reused medium on Spirulina platensis.

Recirculating the cultivation medium of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) enables efficient water and nutrient recycling, thereby reducing production costs. To figure out the inhibition components of the reused medium and cell oxidate response, this study delves into the metabolic regulation of the reused medium and its extracted organic matters (OMs) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) on S.

Dietary timing enhances exercise by modulating fat-muscle crosstalk via adipocyte AMPKα2 signaling.

Feeding rhythms regulate exercise performance and muscle energy metabolism. However, the mechanisms regulating adipocyte functions remain unclear. Here, using multi-omics analyses, involving (phospho-)proteomics and lipidomics, we found that day-restricted feeding (DRF) regulates diurnal rhythms of the mitochondrial proteome, neutral lipidome, and nutrient-sensing pathways in mouse gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT).

An endoplasmic reticulum-targeted and near-infrared fluorescent probe for determining hydrogen polysulfides derived from a naphthalimide.

Hydrogen polysulfides (HS, n > 1) was the oxidized form of HS and plays significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Abnormal levels of HS is associated with a series of physiological diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum-targetable fluorescent probes are rare for determining HS.

Photo-responsive color/fluorescence efficient dual-switching properties of diarylethene modified Eu-doped ZnO@Silane quantum dots.

Photo-responsive switches are very promising materials due to their potential applications in many fields. However, photo-controlled color/fluorescence dual-switching with higher modulation efficiency has rarely been reported. Herein, two new optical responsive switches were constructed by Eu-doped ZnO@Silane quantum dots (Eu:ZnO@Silane QDs) and two diarylethenes.

Defect engineering constructs two-dimensional metal sulfoselenide with expanded interlayers for fast and efficient sodium ion storage.

Leveraging abundant natural reserves and lower cost profiles, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are poised to supersede lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) within the domain of large-scale energy storage systems. Many achievements have been made in improving the properties of anodes in SIBs from the aspects of nanostructure and surface modification. Recently, the incorporation of anionic species into metal sulfides via defect engineering has emerged as an innovative strategy to boost sodium storage capabilities.

Herbal-based Xuebijing injection ameliorated vascular endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting ACLY/MYB/RIG-I axis in sepsis-associated lung injury.

Background: Excessive endothelial pro-inflammatory response is an early hallmark of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Xuebijing (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in clinical practice to treat sepsis.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of XBJ.

Terahertz molecular vibrational sensing using 3D printed anapole meta-biosensor.

Terahertz (THz) fingerprint sensing utilizes the absorption of fingerprints generated by the unique vibrational characteristics of molecules to achieve substance-specific identification. By taking full advance of the anapole mode induced-biosensor consisting of out-of-plane metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration, the D-glucose solutions down to physiological level are accurately detected by proposed metasurface biosensor through the electromagnetic induced absorption (EIA) effect induced by the interaction between the metasurface and molecular vibrational fingerprint. Besides, by utilizing the vibrational fingerprint sensing ability, the pure D-glutamic acid and D-lactose, as well as their mixture have been quantitatively characterized.

Exposure to polyethylene terephthalate microplastics induces reprogramming of flavonoids metabolism and gene regulatory networks in Capsicum annuum.

Micro/Nano-plastics (M/NPs) have emerged as a globally concerning pollutant. However, research on the phytotoxicity of M/NPs on plant secondary metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms is still limited. Pepper, a widely cultivated vegetable, is rich in flavonoids, which are a class of important secondary metabolites found throughout the plant kingdom with multiple biological functions.

Dual temporal pathway model of emotion processing based on dynamic network reconfiguration analysis of EEG signals.

Emotion is crucial for the quality of daily life. Recent findings suggest that the cooperation and integration of multiple brain regions are essential for effective emotion processing. Additionally, network reconfiguration has been observed during various cognitive tasks.

Clam age constrains thermal tolerance: Insights from burrowing behavior and transcriptomics.

Thermal stress in marine environments is likely to become more widespread in marine environments. Understanding age-related physiological adaptations to thermal stress is critically important for predicting the impacts of global climate change on marine biodiversity. The typical burrowing bivalve, Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, was selected to explore molecular and physiological responses to thermal stress and how the effects varied with ages (juvenile VS.

Exploring the mechanism of vitamin C on the co-expressed genes of papillary thyroid carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus based on bioinformatics, network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the role and mechanism of action of vitamin C as an anti- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) therapeutic agent.

Methods: The PTC/EBV-associated genes were obtained by intersection and further screen out hub genes to construct a prognostic model. The relationship between PTC/EBV-related genes and core genes and immune infiltration was analyzed, respectively.

The Alpha to Omega of Dialysis Access: Evaluation, Interventions, Innovations (Part 2).

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a growing global health concern, significantly impacting patient morbidity and mortality, particularly among patients on hemodialysis. Vascular access remains a major challenge, often limiting the effectiveness of hemodialysis and requiring strategic planning to optimize outcomes. This review examines the current evidence on vascular access for dialysis, with a focus on pre- and post-operative assessments, necessary interventions for complications, and innovations in vascular access materials and techniques.

Intrafacet Charge Separation toward Efficient Overall Water Splitting on SrTiO Single Crystal Photocatalysts.

Facet engineering of photocatalytic particles has been proven to be effective in enhancing charge separation efficiency, particularly via interfacet built-in electric field, thus improving photocatalytic performance. However, whether charge separation also occurs within a facet remains unclear. Here, we found that reduction cocatalysts and oxidation cocatalysts are distributed on a facet of single cubic SrTiO crystal via photodeposition.

Mining Highly Active Oleate Hydratases by Structure Clustering, Sequence Clustering, and Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction.

Oleate hydratases (Ohys) catalyze the conversion of oleic acid (OA) to 10-()-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA), a compound widely used in the chemical industry. However, the limited activity of Ohys has hindered their broader applications. To address this limitation, we propose a novel strategy for mining highly active Ohys through structure clustering, sequence clustering, and ancestral sequence reconstruction (SSA strategy).