Transparent OLED displays for selective bidirectional viewing using ZnO/Yb:Ag cathode with highly smooth and low-barrier surface.

Transparent organic light-emitting diode (TrOLED) displays represent cutting-edge technology posed to significantly enhance user experience. This study addresses two pivotal challenges in TrOLED development. Firstly, we focus on the innovation of transparent cathodes, a fundamental component in TrOLEDs, by introducing a ZnO/Yb:Ag cathode.

Photoluminescence enhancement in quantum-dot-polymer films with CO micropores through KHCO decomposition.

Quantum-dot (QDs) polymer composite films, which are key components in recent display applications, require improved photoluminescence (PL) intensity and color conversion efficiency for better display quality and low power consumption. In this study, we developed a novel approach to improve the photoluminescence (PL) of quantum dot (QDs)-polymer nanocomposite films. This was achieved by incorporating CO micropores and scattering particles into QD-embedded photopolymerizable polymer films.

Molecular Decrowding by Tissue Expansion Allows Precise Determination of the Spatial Distribution of Synaptic Proteins at a Nanometer Scale by exTEM.

To understand how the molecular machinery of synapses works, it is essential to determine an inventory of synaptic proteins at a subsynaptic resolution. Nevertheless, synaptic proteins are difficult to localize because of the low expression levels and limited access to immunostaining epitopes. Here, we report on the exTEM (pitope-exposed by epansion-ransmission lectron icroscopy) method that enables the imaging of synaptic proteins .

Ferulic Acid Induces Keratin 6α via Inhibition of Nuclear β-Catenin Accumulation and Activation of Nrf2 in Wound-Induced Inflammation.

Injured tissue triggers complex interactions through biological process associated with keratins. Rapid recovery is most important for protection against secondary infection and inflammatory pain. For rapid wound healing with minimal pain and side effects, shilajit has been used as an ayurvedic medicine.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Diterpenoids from in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

Thunb has been known as an ethnopharmacological medicinal plant for antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Although various pharmacological studies of . extract has been reported, an anti-inflammatory mechanism study of their phytochemical constituents has not been fully elucidated.

Rugosic acid A, derived from Rosa rugosa Thunb., is novel inhibitory agent for NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 axis in acute lung injury model.

Rosa rugosa Thunb., is as a medicinal plant known for anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of in R.

Evaluation of Nematicidal Activity of KRA-28 against .

The root-knot nematode () is an important pathogen in crop cultivation, however, few methods are available to control this parasitic roundworm. In this study, the nematicidal effects of approximately 30 strains isolated from soil samples of Mt. Naejang (Korea) were tested against , and the culture broth of the strains KRA- 24 and KRA-28 exhibited approximately 75% and 85% insecticidal activity, respectively, in in vitro assays.

1-Carbomethoxy-β-Carboline, Derived from L., Ameliorates LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response Associated with MAPK Signaling and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB.

Portulaca oleracea is as a medicinal plant known for its neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of P. oleracea extract (95% EtOH) remain unknown.

Tumor-Targeting, MicroRNA-Silencing Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy.

Silencing of aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) has emerged as one of the strategies for molecular targeted cancer therapeutics. In particular, miR-21 is an oncogenic miRNA overexpressed in many tumors, including ovarian cancer. To achieve efficient administration of anti-miR therapeutics, delivery systems are needed that can ensure local accumulation in the tumor environment, low systemic toxicity, and reduced adverse side effects.

GI inflammation Increases Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Sglt1.

A correlation between gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and gut hormones has reported that inflammatory stimuli including bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 induces high levels of incretin hormone leading to glucose dysregulation. Although incretin hormones are immediately secreted in response to environmental stimuli, such as nutrients, cytokines, and LPS, but studies of glucose-induced incretin secretion in an inflamed state are limited. We hypothesized that GI inflammatory conditions induce over-stimulated incretin secretion via an increase of glucose-sensing receptors.

Apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by a timosaponin A3 from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge on AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells.

Background: Timosaponin A3 (TA3), one of the active components of spirostanol saponin isolated from A. asphodeloides, is widely used as an anticancer agent in a variety of cancer cell lines. However, the research on the anticancer efficacy is very limited in human pancreatic cancer models.

Cucurbitacin B Induces Hypoglycemic Effect in Diabetic Mice by Regulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 via Bitter Taste Receptor Signaling.

Taste receptors exist in several organs from tongue to colon and have diverse functions dependent on specific cell type. In enteroendocrine L-cells, stimulation of taste receptor signaling induces incretin hormones. Among incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induces insulinotropic action by activating GLP-1 receptor of pancreatic β-cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of embelin in A549 cells and human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues.

Objective: Allergic asthma is the most common type in asthma, which is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung. In this study, we investigated whether embelin (Emb), the major component of Ardisia japonica BL. (AJB), exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on allergic asthma via inhibition of NF-κB activity using A549 cells and asthmatic airway epithelial tissues.

Activation of intestinal olfactory receptor stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells and attenuates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice.

Odorants are non-nutrients. However, they exist abundantly in foods, wines, and teas, and thus can be ingested along with the other nutrients during a meal. Here, we have focused on the chemical-recognition ability of these ORs and hypothesized that the odorants ingested during a meal may play a physiological role by activating the gut-expressed ORs.

The therapeutic effects of Yongdamsagan-tang on autoimmune hepatitis models.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immunity disorder that is the result of antibodies in the liver tissue of the patient that are attacked by activated immune cells due to an unknown cause. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Yongdamsagan-tang (YST) extracts and confirm effects on autoimmune hepatitis models as the therapeutic agent using the YST extracted by various solvents. YST, a mixture of 11 herbal extracts, is known in traditional Korean medicine as a widely used treatment for inflammatory diseases.

Ginkgolide A ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases on high fat diet mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide and has continuously increased. NAFLD refers to a spectrum of diseases ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even to hepatocyte carcinoma. Excessive fatty acid enters the cell and the mitochondria undergo stress and unremoved ROS can trigger a form of cell apoptosis known as 'lipoapoptosis'.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 via NF-B Pathway in A549 Cells and Human Asthmatic Lung Tissue.

. There is limited information of the anti-inflammatory effects of Rg3 on inflamed lung cells and tissues. Therefore, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 in inflamed human airway epithelial cells (A549) and tissues whether Rg3 regulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) activity.

Metabolic Profiling of Liver Tissue in Diabetic Mice Treated with Artemisia Capillaris and Alisma Rhizome Using LC-MS and CE-MS.

Artemisia Capillaris (AC) and Alisma Rhizome (AR) are natural products for the treatment of liver disorders in oriental medicine clinics. Here, we report metabolomic changes in the evaluation of the treatment effects of AC and AR on fatty livers in diabetic mice, along with a proposition of the underlying metabolic pathway. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic metabolites extracted from mouse livers were analyzed using HPLC-QTOF and CE-QTOF, respectively, to generate metabolic profiles.

Anti-diabetic and anti-obesitic effects of aqueous extracts of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang and its two major compositions on db/db mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic syndrome that results from target-tissue resistance to insulin. Obesity is the condition of excess body fat accumulation. T2DM and obesity are both associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity.

Anti-lipoapoptotic effects of Alisma orientalis extract on non-esterified fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells.

Background: Liver steatosis was caused by lipid accumulation in the liver. Alisma orientale (AO) is recognized as a promising candidate with therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HepG2 hepatocyte cell line is commonly used for liver disease cell model.

Antihyperglycemic and Antiobesity Effects of JAL2 on db/db Mice.

Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LJT) and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (RGL) have been used traditionally as a herbal medicine in Korean medicine.

Comparison of muscular activities in the abdomen and lower limbs while performing sit-up and leg-raise.

[Purpose] This study compared the muscle activities of sit-up and leg-raise. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were healthy students in their 20s. For electromyography of sit-ups and leg-raises in the supine position, 5 muscle groups of the abdomen were selected for the attachment of sensors: the upper and lower rectus abdominis, external oblique, rectus femoris, and the iliopsoas.

The aglycone of ginsenoside Rg3 enables glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells and alleviates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice.

Ginsenosides can be classified on the basis of the skeleton of their aglycones. Here, we hypothesized that the sugar moieties attached to the dammarane backbone enable binding of the ginsenosides to the sweet taste receptor, eliciting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the enteroendocrine L cells. Using the human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells, we demonstrated that 15 ginsenosides stimulate GLP-1 secretion according to the position of their sugar moieties.

GLP-1 secretion is stimulated by 1,10-phenanthroline via colocalized T2R5 signal transduction in human enteroendocrine L cell.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) hormone is known to regulate blood glucose by an insulinotropic effect and increases proliferation as and also prevents apoptosis of pancreatic β cells. We know that GLP-1 is secreted by nutrients such as fatty acids and sweet compounds but also bitter compounds via stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the gut. Among these, bitter compounds are multiply-contained in phytochemicals or artificial materials and perceived as ligands of various bitter taste receptors.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Wound Healing of Morus alba Root Extract by Up-Regulating Keratin Filament and CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling.

Facilitation of the wound healing process is important because a prolonged wound site increases pain and the risk of infection. In oriental medicine, an extract of Morus alba root (MA) has usually been prescribed as traditional treatment for accelerating wound healing, and it has been proven to be safe for centuries. To study the molecular mechanism of MA-mediated skin wound healing, we performed a primary cell culture and a skin explant culture and observed significant difference between the groups with and without MA extract.