RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation in influenza A virus infection.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, posing a serious threat to both animal and human health. N6-methyladenosine (mA), a prevalent and abundant post-transcriptional methylation of RNA in eukaryotes, plays a crucial regulatory role in IAV infection by altering viral RNA and cellular transcripts to affect viral infection and the host immune response. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying mA modification and its regulatory function in the context of IAV infection and the host immune response.

Transforming growth factor-β1 protects mechanically injured cortical murine neurons by reducing trauma-induced autophagy and apoptosis.

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has a neuroprotective function in traumatic brain injury (TBI) through its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of TGF-β1 on the cortex require further investigation. In this study, we were aimed to investigate the regulatory function of TGF-β1 on neuronal autophagy and apoptosis using an primary cortical neuron trauma-injury model.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00031/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system diseases. The neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types involved.

Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) is a peptide antigen released from the mycobacterial cytoplasm into the supernatant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) attenuated H37Ra strain after autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. Mtb-HAg can specifically induce γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro. However, the exact composition of Mtb-HAg and the protein antigens that are responsible for its function are currently unknown.

Immune responses induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) upon co-administration with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in mice.

Objectives: To preliminarily assess the immunogenicity of Mtb-HAg in mice and the synergistic effect provided by HAg when co-immunised with BCG.

Methods: Mice were randomly grouped for different immunisations and then spleens were aseptically removed and lymphocytes were extracted for immediate detection of cytokines transcript levels and stimulation index(SI), cytokine secretion and multifunctional antigen-specific T cells were detected after incubation for different times.

Results: HAg extracted from active Mtb is a group of mixed polypeptides with molecular weights of (10-14) kDa.

An analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios with six-month prognosis after cerebral contusions.

Background And Purpose: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been identified as potential prognostic markers in various conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of NLR and MLR following cerebral contusion and their associations with six-month outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective data were collected from January 2016 to April 2020, including patients diagnosed with cerebral contusion and discharged from two teaching-oriented tertiary hospitals in Southern China.

A dynamic nomogram for predicting intraoperative brain bulge during decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the risk factors associated with intraoperative brain bulge (IOBB), especially the computed tomography (CT) value of the diseased lateral transverse sinus, and to develop a reliable predictive model to alert neurosurgeons to the possibility of IOBB.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 937 patients undergoing traumatic decompressive craniectomy. A total of 644 patients from Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University were included in the development cohort, and 293 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were included in the external validation cohort.

Transcriptional analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by antigen.

Background: antigen (Mtb-Ag) is a polypeptide component with a molecular weight of 10-14 kDa that is obtained from the supernatant of the H37Ra strain after heat treatment. It stimulates the activation and proliferation of γδT cells in the blood to produce an immune response against tuberculosis. Mtb-Ag is therefore crucial for classifying and detecting the central genes and key pathways involved in TB initiation and progression.

Low serum calcium is a novel predictor of unfavorable prognosis after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Accurate and convenient serological markers for prognosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still lacking. We aimed to explore the predictive value of serum calcium for prognosing outcomes within 6 months after TBI.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, 1255 and 719 patients were included in development and validation cohorts, respectively, and their 6-month prognoses were recorded.

High-throughput sequencing-based Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus and its effect on micro ribonucleic acid.

it was to explore the mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) under high-throughput sequencing. 20 experimental mice, with good growth status and no disease infection, were selected. The cells used in the experiment included mouse microglial cell line (BV2), mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NA), and mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.

Association between plasma metal elements and platelet dysfunction in trauma-induced coagulopathy rat model.

Background: Disorders of metal elements and platelet dysfunction are common in patients with trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC).

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of plasma metal elements in platelet dysfunction in TIC.

Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, hemorrhage shock (HS) and multiple injury (MI) groups.

A dynamic nomogram for predicting unfavorable prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of the multiplication of neutrophil and monocyte counts (MNM) in peripheral blood, and develop a new predictive model for the prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis that included 2 separate cohorts of patients undergoing endovascular coiling for aSAH. The training cohort consisted of 687 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College; the validation cohort consisted of 299 patients from Sun Yat-sen University's Affiliated Jieyang People's Hospital.

Lidocaine inhibits influenza a virus replication by up-regulating IFNα4 via TBK1-IRF7 and JNK-AP1 signaling pathways.

Influenza A viruses (IAV), significant respiratory pathogenic agents, cause seasonal epidemics and global pandemics in intra- and interannual cycles. Despite effective therapies targeting viral proteins, the continuous generation of drug-resistant IAV strains is challenging. Therefore, exploring novel host-specific antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnostic Model for Detecting Keratoconus Using Videos of Corneal Force Deformation.

Purpose: To develop a novel method based on biomechanical parameters calculated from raw corneal dynamic deformation videos to quickly and accurately diagnose keratoconus using machine learning.

Methods: The keratoconus group was included according to Rabinowitz's criteria, and the normal group included corneal refractive surgery candidates. Independent biomechanical parameters were calculated from dynamic corneal deformation videos.

TGF-β1 Protects Trauma-injured Murine Cortical Neurons by Upregulating L-type Calcium Channel Ca1.2 via the p38 Pathway.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death in adolescents, and there is a lack of effective methods of treatment. The neuroprotective effects exerted by TGF-β1 can ameliorate a range of neuronal lesions in multiple central nervous system diseases. In this study, we used an in-vitro TBI model of mechanical injury on murine primary cortical neurons and the neuro-2a cell line to investigate the neuroprotective role played by TGF-β1 in cortical neurons in TBI.

A Clinical Predictive Nomogram for Traumatic Brain Parenchyma Hematoma Progression.

Introduction: Acute traumatic intraparenchymal hematoma (tICH) expansion is a major cause of clinical deterioration after brain contusion. Here, an accurate prediction tool for acute tICH expansion is proposed.

Methods: A multicenter hospital-based study for multivariable prediction model was conducted among patients (889 patients in a development dataset and 264 individuals in an external validation dataset) with initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) imaging for tICH volume evaluation.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts early growth of traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage.

Objective: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed to capture the inflammatory status of patients with various conditions involving the brain. This retrospective study aimed to explore the association between the NLR and the early growth of traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage (tICH) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A multicentre, observational cohort study was conducted.

Development and external validation of a novel multihematoma fuzzy sign on computed tomography for predicting traumatic intraparenchymal hematoma expansion.

Acute traumatic intraparenchymal hematoma (tICH) expansion is a devastating neurological complication that is associated with poor outcome after cerebral contusion. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel noncontrast computed tomography (CT) (NCCT) multihematoma fuzzy sign to predict acute tICH expansion. In this multicenter, prospective cohort study, multihematoma fuzzy signs on baseline CT were found in 212 (43.

The Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Hospital Admission Is a Novel Predictor for Acute Traumatic Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Expansion after Cerebral Contusion.

Purpose: To explore the potential of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) at hospital admission for predicting acute traumatic intraparenchymal hematoma (tICH) expansion in patients with cerebral contusion. . This multicenter, observational study included patients with available at-hospital admission (baseline) and follow-up computed tomography for volumetric analysis (retrospective development cohort: 1146 patients; prospective validation cohort: 207 patients).

Development of a multivalent enterovirus subunit vaccine based on immunoinformatic design principles for the prevention of HFMD.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by EV-A71 and CV-A16. An increasing number of cases have been found to be caused by CV-A10, CV-A6, CV-B3 and the outbreaks are becoming increasingly more complex, often accompanied by the prevalence of a variety of enteroviruses. Based on the principle of synthetic peptide vaccines, we applied immune-informatics to design a highly efficient and safe multivalent epitope-based vaccine against EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A10, CV-A6 and CV-B3.

Dynamic Changes in the Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Microenvironment of the Lower Respiratory Tract by Influenza Virus Infection.

Influenza is a major public health concern, and the high mortality rate is largely attributed to secondary bacterial infections. There are several mechanisms through which the virus increases host susceptibility to bacterial colonization, but the micro-environment in lower respiratory tract (LRT) of host, infected with influenza virus, is unclear. To this end, we analyzed the LRT microbiome, transcriptome of lung and metabolome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice inoculated intra-nasally with H1N1 to simulate human influenza, and we observed significant changes in the composition of microbial community and species diversity in the acute (7 days post inoculation or dpi), convalescent (14 dpi) and the recovery (28 dpi) periods.

Oxymatrine Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication and Inflammation via TLR4, p38 MAPK and NF-κB Pathways.

Oxymatrine (OMT) is a strong immunosuppressive agent that has been used in the clinic for many years. In the present study, by using plaque inhibition, luciferase reporter plasmids, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and ELISA assays, we have investigated the effect and mechanism of OMT on influenza A virus (IAV) replication and IAV-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that OMT had excellent anti-IAV activity on eight IAV strains in vitro.

TGF-β1 Regulation of P-JNK and L-Type Calcium Channel Cav1.2 in Cortical Neurons.

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can cause a series of neuronal lesions, which may be improved by the anti-apoptotic neuroprotection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). In neurons, L-type Ca channels (LTCC) are mainly composed of Cav1.2 subunits.

Anti-influenza A virus activity of rhein through regulating oxidative stress, TLR4, Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signal pathways.

Rhein, an anthraquinone compound existing in many traditional herbal medicines, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities, but its anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activity is ambiguous. In the present study, through plaque inhibition assay, time-of-addition assay, antioxidant assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and western blotting assays, we investigated the anti-IAV effect and mechanism of action of rhein in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that rhein could significantly inhibit IAV adsorption and replication, decrease IAV-induced oxidative stress, activations of TLR4, Akt, p38, JNK MAPK, and NF-κB pathways, and production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in vitro.