PuERF008-PuFAD2 module regulates aroma formation via the fatty acid pathway in response to calcium signaling in 'Nanguo' pear.

Calcium acts as a secondary messenger in plants and is essential for plant growth and development. However, studies on the pathway of aroma synthesis in 'Nanguo' pear (Pyrus ussriensis Maxim.) are scarce.

A D-cysteine desulfhydrase, SlDCD2, participates in tomato fruit ripening by modulating ROS homoeostasis and ethylene biosynthesis.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is involved in multiple processes during plant growth and development. D-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) can produce HS with D-cysteine as the substrate; however, the potential developmental roles of DCD have not been explored during the tomato lifecycle. In the present study, showed increasing expression during fruit ripening.

E3 ligase BRG3 persulfidation delays tomato ripening by reducing ubiquitination of the repressor WRKY71.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule reported to play multiple roles in fruit ripening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying H2S-mediated delay in fruit ripening remain to be established. Here, the gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor, WRKY71, was identified as substantially upregulated in H2S-treated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) via transcriptome profiling.

A Hydrogen-Sulfide-Repressed Methionine Synthase Acts as a Positive Regulator for Fruit Ripening in Tomato.

Ethylene is a key phytohormone that regulates the ripening of climacteric fruits, and methionine is an indirect precursor of ethylene. However, whether methionine synthase plays a role in fruit ripening in (tomato) is still unknown. In this study, we find that a tomato methionine synthase (named ), which could be repressed at the transcriptional level by hydrogen sulfide (HS), acts as a positive regulator for tomato fruit ripening.

Oak-inspired anti-biofouling shape-memory unidirectional scaffolds with stable solar water evaporation performance.

Biomimetic porous materials have contributed to the enhancement of solar-driven evaporation rate in interfacial desalination and clean water production. However, due to the presence of numerous microbes in water environment, biofouling should occur inside porous materials to clog the channels for water transfer, resulting in obvious inhibition of the solar-driven evaporation efficacy in long-term use. To prevent and control biofouling in porous materials for solar-driven evaporation, a facile and environment-friendly design is required in real application.

Storage Property Is Positively Correlated With Antioxidant Capacity in Different Sweet Potato Cultivars.

Sweet potato decays easily due to its high respiration rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during postharvest storage. In this study, we explored the relationship between antioxidant capacity in leaves and storage properties in different sweet potato cultivars, the tuberous roots of 10 sweet potato cultivars were used as the experimental materials to analyze the storage property during storage at 11-15°C. According to the decay percentage after 290 days of storage, Xu 32 was defined as a storage-tolerant cultivar (rot percentage less than 25%); Xu 55-2, Z 15-1, Shangshu 19, Yushu, and Zhezi 3 as above-moderate storage-tolerant cultivars (rot percentage ranging from 25 to 50%); Sushu 16, Yanshu 5, and Hanzi as medium-storable cultivars (rot percentage 50-75%); and Yan 25 as a storage-sensitive cultivar (rot percentage greater than 75%).

A single amino acid mutant in the EAR motif of IbMYB44.2 reduced the inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation in the purple-fleshed sweetpotato.

Purple-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.) is rich in anthocyanins.

A nuclear-localized cysteine desulfhydrase plays a role in fruit ripening in tomato.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays multiple roles in plant development. However, whether endogenous HS plays a role in fruit ripening in tomato is still unknown. In this study, we show that the HS-producing enzyme L-cysteine desulfhydrase SlLCD1 localizes to the nucleus.

MYB44 competitively inhibits the formation of the MYB340-bHLH2-NAC56 complex to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-fleshed sweet potato.

Background: Anthocyanins, which have important biological functions and have a beneficial effect on human health, notably account for pigmentation in purple-fleshed sweet potato tuberous roots. Individual regulatory factors of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified; however, the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-fleshed sweet potato is unclear.

Results: We functionally determined that IbMYB340 cotransformed with IbbHLH2 in tobacco and strawberry receptacles induced anthocyanin accumulation, and the addition of IbNAC56a or IbNAC56b caused increased pigmentation.

Hydrogen Sulfide Maintained the Good Appearance and Nutrition in Post-harvest Tomato Fruits by Antagonizing the Effect of Ethylene.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) could act as a versatile signaling molecule in delaying fruit ripening and senescence. Ethylene (CH) also plays a key role in climacteric fruit ripening, but little attention has been given to its interaction with HS in modulating fruit ripening and senescence. To study the role of HS treatment on the fruit quality and nutrient metabolism, tomato fruits at white mature stage were treated with ethylene and ethylene plus HS.

and cotargeted the promoter to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport in red-skinned pears.

Red pear is favored because of its bright appearance and abundant anthocyanins. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) forming regulatory complexes. In red-skinned pears, the WRKY TFs have a significant relationship with anthocyanin biosynthesis, but the molecular mechanism of the WRKY TFs involved in regulating color formation in red-skinned pear is unclear.

Antioxidative capacity is highly associated with the storage property of tuberous roots in different sweetpotato cultivars.

The activities and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and the ROS content were analyzed in two typical storage-tolerant cultivars (Xushu 32 and Shangshu 19) and another two storage-sensitive cultivars (Yanshu 25 and Sushu 16) to explore the association between the storage capacity of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and ROS scavenging capability. The storage roots of the storage-tolerant cultivars maintained higher activities and expression levels of antioxidative enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); lower activity and expression of lipoxygenase (LOX); and lower accumulation of ROS metabolites compared with the storage-sensitive cultivars.

Functional Characterization of a Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger in Pear Fruit.

Aspergillus niger, which is a fungal pathogen, causes rot in a variety of fruits. In this study, the cystathionine β-synthase cbsA gene was deleted by homologous recombination to study its role in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger.

Antioxidative system in sweet potato root is activated by low-temperature storage.

Background: Sweet potato is susceptible to chilling injury during low-temperature storage. To explore the correlation between chilling injury and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, the content of ROS and the activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed in the typical storage-tolerant cultivar Xushu 32 and storage-sensitive cultivar Yanshu 25.

Results: The activities of antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced rapidly in the early period of storage in response to chilling stress.

Central Role of Adenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate Reductase in the Control of Plant Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been postulated to be the third gasotransmitter in both animals and plants after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). In this review, the physiological roles of HS in plant growth, development and responses to biotic, and abiotic stresses are summarized. The enzymes which generate HS are subjected to tight regulation to produce HS when needed, contributing to delicate responses of HS to environmental stimuli.

Modulation of Enhanced Antioxidant Activity by Hydrogen Sulfide Antagonization of Ethylene in Tomato Fruit Ripening.

Ethylene (CH) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) play important physiological roles in regulating fruit ripening and senescence. The mechanism of HS in ethylene-induced tomato fruit ripening and senescence is still unknown. Here, we show that exogenous HS reduced the production of superoxide anion (·O), malondialdehyde (MDA), and HO in tomato fruit.

Reduction of Aspergillus niger Virulence in Apple Fruits by Deletion of the Catalase Gene cpeB.

Aspergillus niger, a common saprophytic fungus, causes rot in many fruits. We studied the role of a putative catalase-peroxidase-encoding gene, cpeB, in oxidative stress and virulence in fruit. The cpeB gene was deleted in A.

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli through oxidative damage.

Many studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (HS) is both detrimental and beneficial to animals and plants, whereas its effect on bacteria is not fully understood. Here, we report that HS, released by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), significantly inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies have shown that HS treatment stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in E.

Correction: Polygalacturonase gene pgxB in Aspergillus niger is a virulence factor in apple fruit.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Correction: Hydrogen sulfide alleviates postharvest ripening and senescence of banana by antagonizing the effect of ethylene.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Sulfur dioxide alleviates programmed cell death in barley aleurone by acting as an antioxidant.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gaseous signaling molecule in animal cells, has recently been found to play a physiological role in plants. Here we studied the role of SO2 in gibberellic acid (GA3)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) aleurone layers.

Nacre-mimic Reinforced Ag@reduced Graphene Oxide-Sodium Alginate Composite Film for Wound Healing.

With the emerging of drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens, there raise the interest of utilizing versatile antimicrobial biomaterials to treat the acute wound. Herein, we report the spraying mediated assembly of a bio-inspired Ag@reduced graphene-sodium alginate (AGSA) composite film for effective wound healing. The obtained film displayed lamellar microstructures similar to the typical "brick-and-mortar" structure in nacre.

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates postharvest ripening and senescence of banana by antagonizing the effect of ethylene.

Accumulating evidence shows that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants, whereas the interaction between H2S and ethylene is still unclear. In the present study we investigated the role of H2S in ethylene-promoted banana ripening and senescence by the application of ethylene released from 1.0 g·L-1 ethephon solution or H2S with 1 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) as the donor or in combination.

Polygalacturonase gene pgxB in Aspergillus niger is a virulence factor in apple fruit.

Aspergillus niger, a saprophytic fungus, is widely distributed in soil, air and cereals, and can cause postharvest diseases in fruit. Polygalacturonase (PG) is one of the main enzymes in fungal pathogens to degrade plant cell wall. To evaluate whether the deletion of an exo-polygalacturonase gene pgxB would influence fungal pathogenicity to fruit, pgxB gene was deleted in Aspergillus niger MA 70.