The protocol of tagging endogenous proteins with fluorescent tags using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.

The currently widely used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology enables the editing of target genes (knock-out or knock-in) with high accuracy and efficiency. Guided by the small guide RNA, the Cas9 nuclease induces a DNA double-strand break at the targeted genomic locus. The DNA double-strand break can be repaired by the homology-directed repair pathway in the presence of a repair template.

Mitochondria are transported along microtubules in membrane nanotubes to rescue distressed cardiomyocytes from apoptosis.

Membrane nanotubes (MNTs) act as "highways" between cells to facilitate the transfer of multiple signals and play an important role in many diseases. Our previous work reported on the transfer of mitochondria via MNTs between cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac myofibroblasts (MFs); however, the elucidation of the underlying mechanism and pathophysiological significance of this transfer requires additional study. In this study, we determined that the mean movement velocity of mitochondria in MNTs between CMs and MFs was approximately 17.

Clinical features and microsurgical treatment of pediatric patients with cerebral cavernous malformation.

The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical features and to evaluate the surgical treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). We investigated 85 children (53 boys and 32 girls), aged from 6 months to 17.9 years with CCM.