Spore Powder Alleviates Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Improving Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress via Autophagy.

Lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which could be improved by autophagy, are the "hits" of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). spore powder (GLSP) has the effect of improving liver function. However, there are few reports about its effects on and mechanisms impacting MAFLD alleviation.

Effect of an Intermittent Calorie-restricted Diet on Type 2 Diabetes Remission: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: The 2021 consensus report on the definition and interpretation of remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been released. Although intermittent fasting diets (IF) are becoming very popular, no studies have investigated their benefit in diabetes remission.

Objective: The present study examined the effectiveness of IF in diabetes remission and potential remission durability.

The glucotoxicity protecting effect of honokiol in human hepatocytes directly activating AMPK.

Introduction: Sustained hyperglycemia causes glucotoxicity, which has been regarded as a contributor to hepatocyte damage in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its metabolic comorbidities. Honokiol is a natural biphenolic component derived from the dietary supplement extract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of honokiol on glucose metabolism disorders and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and the underlying mechanisms.

A Chinese medical nutrition therapy diet accompanied by intermittent energy restriction alleviates type 2 diabetes by enhancing pancreatic islet function and regulating gut microbiota composition.

Medicine food homologous (MFH) plants and wholegrains have gained increasing attention for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of intermittent energy restriction (IER) in T2D management. However, there are few studies that report intermittent use of a low-calorie pre-prepared food including MFH plants and wholegrains in T2D.

Phytosterols in hull-less pumpkin seed oil, rich in ∆-phytosterols, ameliorate benign prostatic hyperplasia by lowing 5α-reductase and regulating balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in rats.

Background: Pumpkin seed oil is widely used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common disease in elder men. However, its active components and mechanism have remained to be elucidated.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the active components of pumpkin seed oil and its mechanism against BPH.

The root extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi promotes β cell function and protects from apoptosis by inducing autophagy.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a remarkable remedial effect on diabetes mellitus. However, the precise mechanism involved has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we aimed to explore the anti-diabetes effects of its traditional decoction in vitro and elucidate the autophagy-related mechanism.

Glibenclamide-Induced Autophagy Inhibits Its Insulin Secretion-Improving Function in Cells.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease, partly due to hypoinsulinism, which affects ∼8% of the world's adult population. Glibenclamide is known to promote insulin secretion by targeting cells. Autophagy as a self-protective mechanism of cells has been widely studied and has particular physiological effects in different tissues or cells.

Genomic Characterization Provides New Insights Into the Biosynthesis of the Secondary Metabolite Huperzine a in the Endophyte Cg01.

A reliable source of Huperzine A (HupA) meets an urgent need due to its wide use in Alzheimer's disease treatment. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the whole genomes of two HupA-producing endophytes, hy4 and Cg01, to clarify the mechanism of HupA biosynthesis. The whole genomes of hy4 and Cg01 were 33.

[Detection of Huperzine A and Huperzine B in fermentation broth of endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides from Huperzia serrate by HPLC].

In this study, we established a rapid and efficient HPLC method to determine the accumulation of Huperzine A and Huperzine B in the fermentation broth of endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides from Huperzia serrate. The chloroform extracts of fermentation broth were dissolved in methanol and filtered before injection for HPLC analysis. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse plus-C18 column (250 mm×4.

Xiaokeping-induced autophagy protects pancreatic β-cells against apoptosis under high glucose stress.

Xiaokeping (XKP), a prescribed Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used to treat patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus for many years; however, the molecular mechanism of its effects is unknown. As the only insulin producer, the pancreatic β cell plays an important role in diabetes. Whether XKP influences the viability of pancreatic β cells remains to be substantiated.

A Meloidogyne incognita effector MiISE5 suppresses programmed cell death to promote parasitism in host plant.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are highly specialized parasites that interact with their host plants using a range of strategies. The esophageal glands are the main places where nematodes synthesize effector proteins, which play central roles in successful invasion. The Meloidogyne incognita effector MiISE5 is exclusively expressed within the subventral esophageal cells and is upregulated during early parasitic stages.

Complete mitogenome of the high ethanol production fungus Mh2-2.

spp. are significantly important plant pathogens, and some of them are ethanol-producing strains. During infection and/or ethanol production, requires a plenty of energy that is mainly provided by mitochondria.

SMRT Sequencing Revealed Mitogenome Characteristics and Mitogenome-Wide DNA Modification Pattern in .

Single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing was used to characterize mitochondrial (mt) genome of and to analyze the mt genome-wide pattern of epigenetic DNA modification. The complete mt genome of , with a size of 157,539 bp, is the fourth largest Ascomycota mt genome sequenced to date. It contained 14 conserved protein-coding genes (PCGs), 1 intronic protein , 27 tRNAs and 2 rRNA subunits, which are common characteristics of the known mt genomes in Hypocreales.

The mitochondrial genome of the lepidopteran host cadaver (Thitarodes sp.) of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and related phylogenetic analysis.

To understand the phylogeny of the host insect (Thitarodes sp.) of the fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, we sequenced, annotated and characterized the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the host cadaver of a natural O. sinensis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of huperzine A-producing endophytic fungus .

Huperzine A-producing fungus Hy4 (CCTCC No.M2010086) was isolated from (Thunb) Trev. The complete mitochondrial genome of is 28 192 bp in length, containing 15 protein-encoding genes, 27 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes.

The protective effects and genetic pathways of thorn grape seeds oil against high glucose-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells.

Background: Excessive apoptosis of β-cell is closely related to diabetes mellitus. Chronic exposure to high glucose causes β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in diabetes. Thorn grape (Vitis davidii Foex.

Anti-apoptotic function and mechanism of ginseng saponins in Rattus pancreatic β-cells.

Apoptosis is the main form of β-cell death in diabetes. Ginseng has been used as an anti-diabetic herb for several thousand years in Asia with ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1 as important active ingredients. In this study, we demonstrated ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 protect β-cells from high glucose/cytokine-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production and regulating apoptosis-related genes.

The genome of Ganoderma lucidum provides insights into triterpenes biosynthesis and wood degradation [corrected].

Background: Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi or Ling Zhi) is one of the most famous Traditional Chinese Medicines and has been widely used in the treatment of various human diseases in Asia countries. It is also a fungus with strong wood degradation ability with potential in bioenergy production. However, genes, pathways and mechanisms of these functions are still unknown.