Thirty two port super wideband diversity antenna for indoor communications.

This paper introduces a novel design featuring a thirty-two port diversity antenna with an elliptical shape, fed by an asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW). The antenna incorporates uneven meander lines, tailored for super-wideband (SWB) applications. The structure of the unit cell is of an elliptical patch with an elliptical slot, and it is connected to a rectangular stub and asymmetric meander line.

Ultra-Wideband Common-Mode Rejection Structure with Autonomous Phase Balancing for Ultra-High-Speed Digital Transmission.

For ultra-high-speed digital transmission, required by 5G/6G communications, ultra-wideband common-mode rejection (CMR) structures with autonomous phase-balancing capability are proposed. Common-mode noise, caused by phase and amplitude unbalances, is one of the most undesired disturbances affecting modern digital circuits. According to the circuit design guides with a typically used differential line (DL) for high-speed digital transmission, common-mode rejection is achieved using CMR filters, and the unbalanced phase, caused by a length difference between the two signal lines of a DL, is compensated by inserting an additional delay line.

On body and off body communication using a compact wideband and high gain wearable textile antenna.

In this paper, a compact low-profile dual-band wearable textile antenna is proposed for on-body and off-body communications. The presented antenna works efficiently in the 5G n79 frequency band (4.4 - 5 GHz) and the ISM band (5.

Compact Ultra-Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider in Parallel Stripline with Modified Isolation Branches.

An efficient design method for a compact and ultra-wideband multi-stage Wilkinson power divider in a parallel stripline (PSL) is proposed. To enhance the frequency bandwidth of the proposed power divider while reducing its size, the isolation branch is modified; that is, two capacitors are connected to both sides of a resistor at each isolation branch. For an efficient design process, the PSL power divider is equivalently represented by two microstrip power dividers, and the design equations are derived.

Ultra-Wideband Vertical Transition in Coplanar Stripline for Ultra-High-Speed Digital Interfaces.

A design method for an ultra-wideband coplanar-stripline-based vertical transition that can be used for ultra-high-speed digital interfaces is proposed. A conventional via structure, based on a differential line (DL), inherently possesses performance limitations (<10 GHz) due to difficulties in maintaining constant line impedance and smooth electric field transformation, in addition to the effects of signal skews, FR4 fiber weave, and unbalanced EM interferences. DL-based digital interfaces may not meet the demands of ultra-high-speed digital data transmission required for the upcoming 6G communications.

Ultra-thin flexible rectenna integrated with power management unit for wireless power harvester/charging of smartwatch/wristband.

This paper proposes a circularly polarized ultra-thin flexible antenna with a flexible rectifier and power management unit (PMU) for smartwatch/wristband applications. The flexible antenna is compact (0.17λ × 0.

Compact Dual Circularly-Polarized Quad-Element MIMO/Diversity Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Communication Systems.

In this paper, a compact dual circularly-polarized (CP) planar multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for a sub-6 GHz frequency band. The antenna consists of four identical resonating elements, which are placed in a mirrored-image pattern to obtain polarization diversity. Element 2 is a mirror image of element 1, and elements 3 and 4 are mirror images of elements 1 and 2.

Ultra-Wideband Differential Line-to-Balanced Line Transitions for Super-High-Speed Digital Transmission.

A conventional differential line (DL), commonly used on typical digital circuit boards for transmitting high-speed digital data, has fundamental limitations on the maximum signal bandwidth (~10 GHz), mainly due to signal skew, multiple line coupling, and EM interference. Therefore, to support super-high-speed digital data transmission, especially for beyond 5G communications, a practical high-performance transmission structure for digital signals is required. Balanced lines (BLs) can transmit the differential signals with multiple advantages of ultra-wide bandwidth, common-mode rejection, reduced crosstalk, phase recovery, and skew reduction, which enable super-high-speed transmission.

Stepwise evolution of a butterfly supergene via duplication and inversion.

Supergenes maintain adaptive clusters of alleles in the face of genetic mixing. Although usually attributed to inversions, supergenes can be complex, and reconstructing the precise processes that led to recombination suppression and their timing is challenging. We investigated the origin of the BC supergene, which controls variation in warning coloration in the African monarch butterfly, .

Electrically Small Circularly Polarized UWB Intraocular Antenna System for Retinal Prosthesis.

Objective: This paper presents the design of an electrically small circularly polarized (CP) 3 × 3 mm antenna system as an intraocular unit for retinal prosthesis application.

Methods: The system is operating in ISM and ultra-wideband (UWB) bands to target high programmability of retina stimulation and recording, respectively. The electrical dimensions, including the ground plane, are λ/41 × λ/41 × λ/191.

Dual Circularly Polarized Planar Four-Port MIMO Antenna with Wide Axial-Ratio Bandwidth.

A broadband compact-sized planar four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity is presented. The proposed dual circularly polarized (CP) MIMO antenna consists of four G-shaped monopole elements, two of which are left-hand CP and the other two are right-hand CP. A vertical line strip in the G-shaped radiating element acts in balancing the vertical and horizontal electric field components to obtain 90° phase difference between them for circular polarization.

Ultra-Miniature Circularly Polarized CPW-Fed Implantable Antenna Design and its Validation for Biotelemetry Applications.

The paper presents a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-miniaturized patch antenna operating in Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4-2.5 GHz) for biotelemetry applications.

Compact low-loss narrow-band duplexer using low-impedance open-loop resonators for K-band radiometers.

Design and implementation of a low-loss K-band duplexer consisting of two narrow bandpass filters with low-impedance open-loop resonators (OLRs) is presented. Narrow bandpass filters of 4%-7% bandwidth were often implemented with OLRs, but previous designs used OLRs mostly with 50 Ω linewidth. The design process was complicated due to multiple coupling mechanisms and multiple spurious response frequencies, often resulting in excessive insertion loss, especially at higher center frequencies.

Genetics and evidence for balancing selection of a sex-linked colour polymorphism in a songbird.

Colour polymorphisms play a key role in sexual selection and speciation, yet the mechanisms that generate and maintain them are not fully understood. Here, we use genomic and transcriptomic tools to identify the precise genetic architecture and evolutionary history of a sex-linked colour polymorphism in the Gouldian finch Erythrura gouldiae that is also accompanied by remarkable differences in behaviour and physiology. We find that differences in colour are associated with an ~72-kbp region of the Z chromosome in a putative regulatory region for follistatin, an antagonist of the TGF-β superfamily genes.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 after Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures: A Population-based Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence rates of and risk factors for complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) after surgery for distal radius fractures (DRFs). Using data from January 2007 to December 2014, we analysed the data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service. After extracting the data of patients aged ≥18 years whose diagnostic and operation codes for DRFs were entered into the HIRA database, we analysed the incidence rates of and risk factors for CRPS-1.

Comparative Study of Square and Circular Loop Frequency Selective Surfaces for Millimeter-Wave Imaging Diagnostics Systems.

A design method of large-sized square-loop and circular-loop frequency selective surface (FSS) filters for protection of mm-wave imagining receivers is presented. Due to fine cell structure requirements, the performance of the FSS structures at mm-wave frequencies can be significantly affected by fabrication tolerances, especially involved with large-size panel fabrication. Through a comprehensive parametric variation study on the performance of square-loop and circular-loop FSS structures, it is found that the circular-loop FSS structure performs much less sensitively to the fabrication tolerances, thereby producing better and consistent performances with given design values.

A practical double-sided frequency selective surface for millimeter-wave applications.

Analysis, design, and implementation of a practical, high-rejection frequency selective surface (FSS) are presented in this paper. An equivalent circuit model is introduced for predicting the frequency response of the FSS. The FSS consists of periodic square loop structures fabricated on both sides of the thin dielectric substrate by using the low-cost chemical etching technique.

A sex-linked supergene controls sperm morphology and swimming speed in a songbird.

Sperm competition is an important selective force in many organisms. As a result, sperm have evolved to be among the most diverse cells in the animal kingdom. However, the relationship between sperm morphology, sperm motility and fertilization success is only partially understood.

Design of a 75-140 GHz high-pass printed circuit board dichroic filter.

A new high-performing PCB (Printed Circuit Board) dichroic filter, which can be used for the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) electron cyclotron emission imaging system, is proposed. The current dichroic filter consists of a triangular lattice array of circular holes on the 6-mm thick metal plate, while circular hole spacing limitation caused relatively narrow passband (∼20 GHz). On the other hand, the proposed PCB dichroic filter utilizes the inexpensive commercial PCB fabrication process with a flexible adjustment of circular hole spacing.

Red Carotenoid Coloration in the Zebra Finch Is Controlled by a Cytochrome P450 Gene Cluster.

Bright-red colors in vertebrates are commonly involved in sexual, social, and interspecific signaling [1-8] and are largely produced by ketocarotenoid pigments. In land birds, ketocarotenoids such as astaxanthin are usually metabolically derived via ketolation of dietary yellow carotenoids [9, 10]. However, the molecular basis of this gene-environment mechanism has remained obscure.

Collateral ligament injury in the displaced radial head and neck fracture: correlation with fracture morphology and management strategy to the torn ulnar collateral ligament.

Background: The purpose of our study was to correlate the morphology of displaced radial head and neck (DRHN) fractures with associated ligament injuries and evaluate the outcomes of management of the torn ulnar collateral ligament (UCL).

Methods: Twenty-nine surgically treated patients presenting with a DRHN fracture were classified using the Charalambous classification by 3-dimensional computed tomography. Accordingly, the collateral ligament and overlying muscle injuries and bony contusions were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging.

Is posterior synovial plica excision necessary for refractory lateral epicondylitis of the elbow?

Background: Arthroscopic treatments for lateral epicondylitis including débridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) origin (Baker technique) or resection of the radiocapitellar synovial plica reportedly improve symptoms. However the etiology of the disease and the role of the plica remain unclear.

Questions/purposes: We asked if posterior radiocapitellar synovial plica excision made any additional improvement in pain or function after arthroscopic ECRB release.

Estimating divergence dates and substitution rates in the Drosophila phylogeny.

An absolute timescale for evolution is essential if we are to associate evolutionary phenomena, such as adaptation or speciation, with potential causes, such as geological activity or climatic change. Timescales in most phylogenetic studies use geologically dated fossils or phylogeographic events as calibration points, but more recently, it has also become possible to use experimentally derived estimates of the mutation rate as a proxy for substitution rates. The large radiation of drosophilid taxa endemic to the Hawaiian islands has provided multiple calibration points for the Drosophila phylogeny, thanks to the "conveyor belt" process by which this archipelago forms and is colonized by species.

Minimal epicondylectomy improves neurologic deficits in moderate to severe cubital tunnel syndrome.

Background: Previous studies of minimal medial epicondylectomy for cubital tunnel syndrome included patients with mild disease, making it difficult to determine how much this procedure improved sensory and motor impairments in patients with moderate to severe disease.

Questions/purposes: We asked if minimal epicondylectomy improved sensory and motor impairments in patients with moderate to severe cubital tunnel syndrome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients treated with minimal medial epicondylectomy for advanced cubital tunnel syndrome involving motor weakness between January 2003 and February 2009.

Long-term outcomes of ulnar shortening osteotomy for idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome: at least 5-years follow-up.

Background: There have been few outcomes studies with follow-up after performing ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnar impaction syndrome. We investigated the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of ulnar shortening osteotomy for the treatment of idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 36 patients who had undergone ulnar shortening osteotomy for idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome for a mean follow-up of 79.