Profiling Bioactive Components of Natural Eggshell Membrane (NEM) for Cartilage Protection and Its Protective Effect on Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes.

The current study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the natural eggshell membrane (NEM) and its protective effects against HO-induced oxidative stress in human chondrocytes (SW-1353). Bioactive components from NEM related to cartilage were profiled, consisting of 1.1 ± 0.

Neuron-Microglia Interaction is Involved in Anti-inflammatory Response by Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rats Injected with Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid.

Injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) into experimental animals induces neuroimmunological responses and thus has been used for the study of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and chronic fatigue. Here, we investigated the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on poly(I:C)-induced neuroinflammation and associated behavioral consequences in rats. The microglia in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) displayed the activated form of morphology in poly(I:C)-injected rats and changed to a normal shape after acute VNS (aVNS).

Anatomical consideration of ultrasonography-guided intraoral injection for temporal tendinitis.

Temporal tendinitis is characterized by acute inflammation often resulting from mechanical stress, such as repetitive jaw movements associated with jaw opening and closing and teeth clenching. Treatment for temporal tendinitis typically involves the administration of local anesthetic or corticosteroid injections. However, the complex anatomical structure of the coronoid process, to which the temporalis tendon attaches, located deep within the zygomatic arch, poses challenges for accurate injections.

Ideal Injection Points for Botulinum Neurotoxin for Pectoralis Minor Syndrome: A Cadaveric Study.

Pectoralis Minor Syndrome (PMS) causes significant discomfort due to the compression of the neurovascular bundle within the retropectoralis minor space. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections have emerged as a potential treatment method; however, their effectiveness depends on accurately locating the injection site. In this study, we aimed to identify optimal BoNT injection sites for PMS treatment.

A standardized protocol for needle placement in the infraspinatus muscle: an anatomical perspective.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the three parts of the infraspinatus muscle based on surface landmarks for precise and effective access, and to propose the most effective fine-wire electrode insertion technique and sites.

Methods: Fifteen Asian fresh cadavers were used. We investigated the probability of the presence of the superior, middle, and inferior parts in each infraspinatus muscle based on surface landmarks.

Intramuscular Neural Distribution of Adductor Pollicis Muscle Spasticity in Cadaver Model Regarding Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment.

Purpose: The adductor pollicis muscle is frequently targeted for botulinum neurotoxin injective treatment for spasticity. However, there are no injective guidelines for delivering injection to the muscle.

Materials And Methods: A method known as the modified Sihler's method was used to stain the adductor pollicis muscle in 16 specimens to reveal intramuscular neural distribution of the muscle.

Ultrasound-guided Injection of the Levator Scapulae Muscle in a Cadaver Model.

Background: Despite the advantages of ultrasound and previous anatomical data on neuromuscular junction locations, to the best of our knowledge, the feasibility and accuracy of precise ultrasound-guided injection techniques into the proposed injection site of botulinum neurotoxin for the levator scapulae muscle have not been assessed in any publication.

Objective: In the present cadaver-based study, the ultrasound-guided injection technique in the middle and distal portions of the levator scapulae muscle was evaluated to determine whether this method distributes injections properly to the target muscle in fresh cadavers.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

A practical guide to botulinum neurotoxin treatment of teres major muscle in shoulder spasticity: Intramuscular neural distribution of teres major muscle in cadaver model.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin treatment typically focuses on the teres major muscle as a primary target for addressing shoulder spasticity. The muscle is located deep within a large muscle group and optimal injection locations have not been identified.

Objective: To identify the preferred location for administering botulinum toxin injections in the teres major muscle.

Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Lactate Dehydrogenase from Bacteria without Codon Optimization.

is the most widespread cause of malaria, especially in subtropical and temperate regions such as Asia-Pacific and America. lactate dehydrogenase (PvLDH), an essential enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, is required for the development and reproduction of the parasite. Thus, LDH from these parasites has garnered attention as a diagnostic biomarker for malaria and as a potential molecular target for developing antimalarial drugs.

Penile length and circumference: are they related to nose size?

Background: We investigated the relationship between the size of the penis and that of the nose.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,160 patients whose nose and penis sizes were measured. These participants were selected from a subset of 1,531 patients who visited the Dr.

Anatomical analysis of the intramuscular distribution patterns of the levator scapulae and the clinical implications for pain management.

Purpose: The present study aimed to demonstrate the intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle that is responsible for pain and to use this anatomic data to propose possible injection sites.

Methods: Twenty levator scapulae muscles were dissected from 16 Korean embalmed cadavers. The intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle was identified by whole-mount nerve staining to preserve and stain the nerve fibers without damage.

Analysis of facial ultrasonography images based on deep learning.

Transfer learning using a pre-trained model with the ImageNet database is frequently used when obtaining large datasets in the medical imaging field is challenging. We tried to estimate the value of deep learning for facial US images by assessing the classification performance for facial US images through transfer learning using current representative deep learning models and analyzing the classification criteria. For this clinical study, we recruited 86 individuals from whom we acquired ultrasound images of nine facial regions.

Clinical anatomy considerations on the muscular and vascular components of the midface by ultrasonographic imaging.

The first signs of face aging appear in the midface, so procedures such as botulinum toxin and filler injections are performed there. However, no guidelines based on clinical anatomy describing the muscular and vascular components in vivo have been published. The aim of this research was to describe the depths of the midface muscles and the locations of vessels using ultrasonographic (US) imaging.

Correlation analysis between lower limb muscle architectures and cycling power via ultrasonography.

The primary purpose was to examine the relationship between the muscle architectural characteristics of short and long-distance cyclist-including muscle thickness, fascicle angle, and fascicle length-of the anterior thigh and posterior leg and its impact in 20-s cycling power. The secondary purpose was to clarify the muscle variables that predict the cycling power by using ultrasonography to measure the muscle architectural characteristics. Twenty-four varsity cyclists participated in this study, of whom 12 were short-distance cyclists and 12 were long-distance cyclists.

Three-dimensional topography of facial soft tissues for the safer and effective threading procedures.

Introduction: To reduce complications caused by the procedure, the target layer for thread lifting should be the superficial fat or superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face. The aim of this study was to establish the thicknesses of the facial skin and superficial fat using a 3D scanning system to provide basic clinical data for thread lifting.

Material And Methods: Thirty fixed Korean and Thai cadavers (male: 17, female: 13) were used.

Transglutaminase 2 Depletion Attenuates α-Synuclein Mediated Toxicity in Mice.

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a key pathogenic protein in α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. The aggregation of α-Syn is believed to be deleterious and a critical step leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. One of the factors that may contribute to the initial steps of this aggregation is crosslinking through transglutaminase 2 (TG2).

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Depressor Anguli Oris and Depressor Labii Inferioris for Botulinum Toxin Injections.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection administered at an inappropriate site or depth can produce an unwanted change in facial animation because the depressor anguli oris (DAO) and depressor labii inferioris (DLI) muscles are partially overlapped. Therefore, simple BoNT-A injection guidelines, based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial anatomic references and landmarks, would be very useful.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish novel BoNT-A injection guidelines that include the soft tissue thickness at the lower perioral region.

DDIAS promotes STAT3 activation by preventing STAT3 recruitment to PTPRM in lung cancer cells.

DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) regulates cancer cell survival. Here we investigated the involvement of DDIAS in IL-6-mediated signaling to understand the mechanism underlying the role of DDIAS in lung cancer malignancy. We showed that DDIAS promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is constitutively activated in malignant cancers.

Three-Dimensional Territory and Depth of the Corrugator Supercilii: Application to Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection.

This study aimed to determine the three-dimensional (3D) territory and depth of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) using a 3D structured-light scanner. Thirty-two hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study, and 35 healthy young Korean subjects also participated. A 3D analysis of the CSM territory and depth was performed using a structured-light 3D scanner.

Ultrasonographic and Three-Dimensional Analyses at the Glabella and Radix of the Nose for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Procedures into the Procerus Muscle.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are widely used for facial rejuvenation procedures, and the procerus muscle is a major target in cases of glabellar transverse lines or rhytids. Although there have been many cadaveric studies of the procerus, its depth and thickness have not been investigated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to measure the depth and thickness of the procerus and identify the location of the intercanthal vein using ultrasonographic (US) imaging and the three-dimensional scanning method, which is needed to know to avoid side effects during BoNT injections.

Ultrasonographic Analyses of the Forehead Region for Injectable Treatments.

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections in the forehead region should only target the frontalis. This study applied ultrasonography with the aim of providing guidelines for predicting the layered structure and soft-tissue thickness of the forehead. We performed ultrasound scanning at 7 facial landmarks in 40 Korean adults.

Hippocampal activation of 5-HT receptors and BDNF production by vagus nerve stimulation in rats under chronic restraint stress.

A growing body of evidence shows that the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can improve mental illness including depression. Here, we investigated whether the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is involved in regulating the responsiveness of hippocampal neurons in rats under chronic restraint stress (CRS). c-Fos protein signals were detected 2 hr after VNS in 5-HT receptor-positive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) as well as in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).