[Research progresses of Qa-1 restricted CD8 regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases].

The Qa-1 in mice is homologous to human leukocyte antigen E(HLA-E), and both of them belong to the non-classical major histocompatibility complex I b(MHC-I b) molecules. Qa-1 is capable of presenting self or exogenous antigen peptides to interact with two distinct receptors, namely T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer cell group 2 member A (or C) (NKG2A/C), thus playing an important role in immune response and regulation. Qa-1-restricted regulatory CD8 T cell (CD8 Treg) is one of the most studied CD8 Treg subgroups, which can maintain immune homeostasis and autoimmune tolerance by exerting immunosuppressive effects.

The diabetes mellitus multimorbidity network in hospitalized patients over 50 years of age in China: data mining of medical records.

Objective: Many diabetes mellitus (DM) patients suffer from multimorbidity. Understanding the DM multimorbidity network should be given priority. The purpose of this study is characterize the DM multimorbidity network in people over 50 years.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Gene Family in Rapeseed ( L.).

The gene family is present in plants and is involved in biological processes such as flowering, circadian rhythm regulation, plant growth and development, and stress resistance. We identified 87, 62, 46, and 40 at the whole-genome level in , , , and , respectively. The can be classified into five groups based on evolutionary relationships, and each of these groups can be further subdivided into three subfamilies (, and ) based on function.

Network-based approach for drug repurposing against mpox.

The current outbreak of mpox presents a significant threat to the global community. However, the lack of mpox-specific drugs necessitates the identification of additional candidates for clinical trials. In this study, a network medicine framework was used to investigate poxviruses-human interactions to identify potential drugs effective against the mpox virus (MPXV).

Global pattern and determinant for interaction of seasonal influenza viruses.

Background: The prevalence of different types/subtypes varies across seasons and countries for seasonal influenza viruses, indicating underlying interactions between types/subtypes. The global interaction patterns and determinants for seasonal influenza types/subtypes need to be explored.

Methods: Influenza epidemiological surveillance data, as well as multidimensional data that include population-related, environment-related, and virus-related factors from 55 countries worldwide were used to explore type/subtype interactions based on Spearman correlation coefficient.

Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis.

CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS).

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the role of BoGSTF12 in anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra).

Background: The vivid red, purple, and blue hues that are observed in a variety of plant fruits, flowers, and leaves are produced by anthocyanins, which are naturally occurring pigments produced by a series of biochemical processes occurring inside the plant cells. The purple-stalked Chinese kale, a popular vegetable that contains anthocyanins, has many health benefits but needs to be investigated further to identify the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis and translocation in this vegetable.

Results: In this study, the purple- and green-stalked Chinese kale were examined using integrative transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Promoting the Calcified Roasting of Vanadium Slag Based on the CeO-Catalytic Oxidation Mechanism.

Calcification roasting-acid leaching is a clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly process, but in the roasting process, the local temperature is often too high, the heat release is not timely, and the heat transfer is blocked. Furthermore, the material is easy to sinter, which affects the final vanadium extraction effect. In this paper, a small amount of CeO was introduced in the roasting process of vanadium slag to promote the calcified roasting.

[Advances in the role and mechanism of NK cell immune response mediated by NKG2A-HLA-E axis in viral infectious diseases].

Natural killer (NK) cells directly lysis the virus-infected cells through rapidly releasing cytotoxic mediators and cytokines. The balance between inhibitory and activated receptors on the surface of NK cells, as well as the corresponding ligands expressed on target cells are involved in the regulation of the cytotoxic function of NK cells. NKG2A is one of the highly anticipated inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells, which can inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells to autologous normal tissue cells through interacting with the ligand HLA-E.

Aberrant NK cell profile in gestational diabetes mellitus with fetal growth restriction.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a gestational disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, that can lead to dysfunction of diverse cells in the body, especially the immune cells. It has been reported that immune cells, specifically natural killer (NK) cells, play a crucial role in normal pregnancy. However, it remains unknown how hyperglycemia affects NK cell dysfunction thus participates in the development of GDM.

Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Purple Leafstalk Production in Taro ( L. Schott).

Taro is a plant in the family, and its leafstalk possesses significant botanical and culinary value owing to its noteworthy medicinal and nutritional attributes. Leafstalk colour is an essential attribute that significantly influences its desirability and appeal to both breeders and consumers. However, limited information is available about the underlying mechanism responsible for the taro plant's colouration.

Ad5-nCoV Vaccination Could Induce HLA-E Restricted CD8 T Cell Responses Specific for Epitopes on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein.

We evaluated cellular immune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in an immunized population based on HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cell epitope identification. HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 CD8 T cell nonamer peptides were predicted with software. An HLA-E-transfected K562 cell binding assay was used to screen for high-affinity peptides.

Cytokine profiles and virological markers highlight distinctive immune statuses, and effectivenesses and limitations of NAs across different courses of chronic HBV infection.

Purpose: The characteristics of cytokine/chemokine(CK) profiles across different courses of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the effects of NAs antiviral therapy on cytokine profiles remain unclear.

Methods: This report provides evidence from 383 patients with chronic HBV infection. The Luminex multiple cytokine detection technology was used to detect CK profiles.

The physio-biochemical characterization reflected different calcium utilization efficiency between the sensitive and tolerant peanut accessions under calcium deficiency.

Peanut yield in southern China is usually limited by calcium deficiency in soil. Most previous studies have found that small-seed varieties showed higher tolerance than large-seed varieties (e.g.

Increased blood CD226 inflammatory monocytes with low antigen presenting potential correlate positively with severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Background: Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection can cause severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Inflammatory monocytes (iMOs) are involved in early antiviral responses. Previous studies have found that blood iMOs numbers increase in the acute phase of HFRS.

Characterizing the dynamics of BCR repertoire from repeated influenza vaccination.

Yearly epidemics of seasonal influenza cause an enormous disease burden around the globe. An understanding of the rules behind the immune response with repeated vaccination still presents a significant challenge, which would be helpful for optimizing the vaccination strategy. In this study, 34 healthy volunteers with 16 vaccinated were recruited, and the dynamics of the BCR repertoire for consecutive vaccinations in two seasons were tracked.

[Research progress on the role of monocytes in viral hemorrhagic fevers].

Monocytes are important target cells of various hemorrhagic fever viruses. In viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), monocytes can be infected by viruses and produce different kinds of cytokines, which contribute to the antiviral immune response and participation in the immunopathogenesis of VHFs. During the pathogenesis of various VHFs (early stage), monocytes change in cell counting, subpopulation distribution and expression of surface molecules with an activated phenotype.

Gene co-expression network analysis identifies hub genes associated with different tolerance under calcium deficiency in two peanut cultivars.

Background: Peanut is an economically-important oilseed crop and needs a large amount of calcium for its normal growth and development. Calcium deficiency usually leads to embryo abortion and subsequent abnormal pod development. Different tolerance to calcium deficiency has been observed between different cultivars, especially between large and small-seed cultivars.

CD226 deficiency attenuates cardiac early pathological remodeling and dysfunction via decreasing inflammatory macrophage proportion and macrophage glycolysis in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main complications in type I diabetic patients. Activated macrophage is critical for directing the process of inflammation during the development of DCM. The present study focused on the roles of CD226 on macrophage function during the DCM progression.

PKR-NF-κB Pathway Upstream of IFN-β Induction Is Dysregulated in Oncolytic Sindbis Virus-infected HeLa Cells.

Background/aim: Sindbis virus (SINV) is a naturally occurring oncolytic virus that kills cancer cells and is less harmful to normal cells. In this study, a recombinant SINV, which expressed green and blue fluorescent proteins, was used to precisely analyze SINV infection and replication.

Materials And Methods: Antiviral responses, including IFN-β mRNA, protein kinase R (PKR), NF-B, and caspase 3/7, were analyzed in SINV-infected cancerous HeLa cells and normal human fibroblast TIG-1-20 cells.

[Analysis of teaching difficulties in the chapter of antigen in Medical Immunology and teaching strategy].

The concept of "ntigen"is a relative one. The narrow concept of it condenses the process of activation of adaptive immune response and re-recognition of the same antigen, revealing the protective mechanism of vaccines with great significance for research and development of vaccines. However, the narrow concept involves adaptive immune system members: B cells, T cells and their effector products, which is difficult for beginners to understand the inherent meaning.