Hydrolyzed Collagen Tripeptide Promotes Longitudinal Bone Growth in Childhood Rats via Increases in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.

Previous studies have reported that collagen tripeptide (CTP) derived from collagen hydrolysate has various beneficial effects on health by protecting against skin aging and improving bone formation and cartilage regeneration. Collagen-Tripep20 (CTP20), which is a low-molecular-weight CTP derived from fish skin, contains a bioactive CTP, Gly-Pro-Hyp >3.2% with a tripeptide content >20%.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Limits TLR-4-Triggered Inflammatory Response in Raw264.7 Macrophages by Activating RasGRP3.

Inflammation is an important immune response to pathogen invasion, but excessive inflammation leads to tissue injury and even cytokine storm. Therefore, proper response is needed depending on the intensity of the infection. Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 3 (RasGRP3) is a regulator of the TLR-mediated response.

Downregulation of microRNA-330-5p induces manic-like behaviors in REM sleep-deprived rats by enhancing tyrosine hydroxylase expression.

Aim: In our pilot study, we found an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of 72-h REM sleep-deprived (SD) rats, a mania model. Additionally, the expression levels of miR-325-3p, miR-326-3p, and miR-330-5p, the predicted target miRNAs on TH, were significantly decreased. Based on these results, in this study, we investigated whether miRNA-325-3p, miR-326-3p, and miR-330-5p modulate TH and manic-like behaviors in SD rats.

In Vitro Study of Licorice on IL-1β-Induced Chondrocytes and In Silico Approach for Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder that affects joint function, mobility, and pain. The release of proinflammatory cytokines stimulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanase production which further induces articular cartilage degradation. Hypertrophy-like changes in chondrocytes are considered to be an important feature of OA pathogenesis.

Bee Venom Prevents Mucin 5AC Production through Inhibition of AKT and SPDEF Activation in Airway Epithelia Cells.

IL-13 induces mucus metaplasia, which causes airway obstruction in asthma. Bee venom (BV) and its components have shown anti-inflammatory effects in allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. In this study, we investigated the effect of BV on IL-13-induced mucus metaplasia through activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6), and regulation of SAM-pointed domain containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF) and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) in the airway epithelia cell line A549.

Decreased Brain pH and Pathophysiology in Schizophrenia.

Postmortem studies reveal that the brain pH in schizophrenia patients is lower than normal. The exact cause of this low pH is unclear, but increased lactate levels due to abnormal energy metabolism appear to be involved. Schizophrenia patients display distinct changes in mitochondria number, morphology, and function, and such changes promote anaerobic glycolysis, elevating lactate levels.

Antimania-Like Effect of Regulating the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in REM-Sleep Deprivation Rats.

Previous studies have shown the therapeutic properties of ginseng and ginsenosides on hyperactive and impulsive behaviors in several psychiatric diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of Meyer (PG) on hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in a manic-like animal model, sleep deprivation (SD) rats. Male rats were sleep-deprived for 48 h, and PG (200 mg/kg) was administered for 4 days, from 2 days prior to the start of SD to the end date of SD.

Effects of exogenous growth hormone administration on dexamethasone-induced growth impairment in adolescent male rats.

Growth impairment (GI) is one of the adverse effects of dexamethasone (DXM), and growth hormone (GH) has been used clinically to improve GI. The present study aimed to evaluate the manner in which DXM disturbs the growth rate of longitudinal bones, and the recovery effects of GH on DXM-induced GI in the longitudinal bones of adolescent male rats. In the first experiment, DXM (0, 0.

Hypoglycemic Effect of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Is Due to Enhanced Peripheral Glucose Uptake through Activation of AMPK/p38 MAPK Pathway.

var. (OFS) has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat several illnesses, including diabetes. However, detailed mechanisms underlying hypoglycemic effects remain unclear.

Extrusion process of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves enhances the gastroprotective effect of compound 48/80 on acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats.

Objective: To investigate the gastroprotective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves (ASLs) extrusion on acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats induced by compound 48/80 (C48/80).

Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: normal; C48/80-induced gastric lesion control; gastric lesion positive control (famotidine 4 mg/kg); gastric lesion administered with two levels of extruded ASLs (ASLE, 40 and 200 mg/kg); and gastric lesion treated with ASLs (ASL 200 mg/kg). Mucus secretion/damage was determined by immunohistological staining.

Comparison of the Effect of Velvet Antler from Different Sections on Longitudinal Bone Growth of Adolescent Rats.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of velvet antler (VA) from different sections for promoting longitudinal bone growth in growing rats. VA was divided into upper (VAU), middle (VAM), and basal sections (VAB). An in vivo study was performed to examine the effect on longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats.

Effects of egg yolk-derived peptide on osteogenic gene expression and MAPK activation.

The present study investigated the effects of egg yolk-derived peptide (YPEP) on osteogenic activities and MAPK-regulation of osteogenic gene expressions. The effects of YPEP on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization were measured in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Activation of MAPKs and downstream transcription factors such as extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38, ELK1, and cJUN were examined using western blot analysis.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Re on acute gastric mucosal lesion induced by compound 48/80.

The protective effect of ginsenoside Re, isolated from ginseng berry, against acute gastric mucosal lesions was examined in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Ginsenoside Re (20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 0.5 h prior to C48/80 treatment.

Collagen hydrolysates increased osteogenic gene expressions via a MAPK signaling pathway in MG-63 human osteoblasts.

The present study investigated the effects of CHs on osteogenic activities and MAPK-regulation on bone matrix gene expressions. The effects of CHs on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization were measured in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Activation of MAPKs and downstream transcription factors such as extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38, ELK1, and cJUN was examined using Western blot analysis.

Osteogenic activity of collagen peptide via ERK/MAPK pathway mediated boosting of collagen synthesis and its therapeutic efficacy in osteoporotic bone by back-scattered electron imaging and microarchitecture analysis.

Collagen hydrolysate (CH) has been reported to exhibit a positive effect on bone. In the present study, the in vitro effects of CH (<3 kDa) were examined and the in vivo experiments confirmed the positive effects of CH in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Bone mineral density (BMD) was examined by DXA analysis.

Involvement of MAPK signaling pathway in the osteogenic gene expressions of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu in MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells.

Aims: The purposes of this study were to determine whether Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (CPC) has osteogenic activities in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism.

Main Methods: The effects of CPC on alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and calcium deposits were measured. The COL1A1, ALPL, BGLAP, and SPP1 expressions were measured by real-time PCR.

Inhibitory effects of ginsenoside re isolated from ginseng berry on histamine and cytokine release in human mast cells and human alveolar epithelial cells.

The berry of Panax ginseng significantly inhibited the histamine releases at the concentration of 30 μg/mL (p<0.05) and 10 μg/mL (p<0.01).

Porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate promotes longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats.

Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are mixtures of peptides obtained by partial hydrolysis of gelatin that are receiving scientific attention as potential oral supplements for the restoration of osteoarticular tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CHs for promoting longitudinal bone growth in growing rats. An in vitro study was carried out in osteoblast-like MG63 cells and the most effective CH on bone formation was selected among 36 various CHs.

Inhibitory effect of Gastrodia elata extract on melanogenesis in HM3KO melanoma cells.

Effective and safe antimelanogenic agents derived from natural products get interest continuously for both medical and cosmetic purposes. Melanin synthesis is regulated by melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) in mammals. Gastrodia elata (GE) has been shown to have multiple therapeutic actions related to antioxidation in many diseases.

Protective effects of Galla Rhois, the excrescence produced by the sumac aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, on transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.

Galla Rhois is formed by aphids, primarily Schlechtendalia chinensis Bell (Homoptera: Pemphigidae), on the leaf of sumac, Rhus javanica L. (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae). It is a tannin-rich herb that is widely used in traditional Korean medicine.

[Correlation between subjective and objective measurement of climacteric women's hot flashes].

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explain the phenomena of hot flashes in climacteric women by using Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI) objectively and to identify the interrelation between the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes by comparing the two as reported in retrospective questionnaires.

Methods: The participants were one hundred women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. Hot flashes were measured in a temperature and humidity controlled room for 7 hr from 10 am to 5 pm.

Protective effect of egg yolk peptide on bone metabolism.

Objective: Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide, and most current therapy used in osteoporosis treatment acts by either increasing bone formation or decreasing bone resorption. However, the adverse effects of these therapies may preclude their long-term use. We examined the effects of egg yolk water-soluble peptide (YPEP) on bone metabolism as an alternative to current therapeutic agents in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Key compound groups for the neuroprotective effect of roots of Polygonum cuspidatum on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Polygonum cuspidatum is a potent anti-oxidant herb that is well known for its various bioactivities. The current study investigates which compound group is most effective, to establish the key compound groups for quality assessment, especially in terms of neuroprotective effects. The roots of P.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus L.).

Motherwort (MW), a Korean folk medicine, has been applied to treat inflammatory disease. However, its effect on inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells is not well known. We investigated the anti- inflammatory effect of MW on the secretion of inflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in human mast cell line (HMC-1).

Hydrangea dulcis folium preserves beta-cell mass in diabetic db/db mice.

The anti-diabetic efficacy of Hydrangea dulcis folium (HDF) was studied in db/db mice and their littermates (db/-). Supplementation of HDF (1% and 3%) decreased glucose level significantly by 2- and 4-fold and increased significantly insulin level by 3- and 4.5-fold compared to db/db mice (P<0.