Robust interpolation of EEG/MEG sensor time-series via electromagnetic source imaging.

Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) are widely used non-invasive techniques in clinical and cognitive neuroscience. However, low spatial resolution measurements, partial brain coverage by some sensor arrays, as well as noisy sensors could result in distorted sensor topographies resulting in inaccurate reconstructions of underlying brain dynamics. Solving these problems has been a challenging task, This paper proposes a robust framework based on electromagnetic source imaging for interpolation of unknown or poor quality EEG/MEG measurements.

Short-Term Frequently Relapsing Ischemic Strokes Followed by Rapidly Progressive Dementia in CADASIL: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease with slow natural progression. Ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment are its most common clinical symptoms. Here, we report a rare 50-year-old woman who had rapid disease progression with c.

Case report: Misdiagnosed orolingual dyskinesia as a consequence of seizures in a chorea-acanthocytosis patient with a novel variation from a family with consanguineous marriage.

Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited syndrome with heterogeneous symptoms, which makes it a challenge for early diagnosis. The mutation of is considered intimately related to the pathogenesis of ChAc. To date, diverse mutation patterns of , consisting of missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations, have been reported.

The role of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in neuromodulation therapy: a systematic review from the perspective of neural network oscillations.

As a crucial component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal forebrain, dysfunction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. However, no drugs, including existing cholinesterase inhibitors, have been shown to reverse this dysfunction. Due to advancements in neuromodulation technology, researchers are exploring the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy targeting the NBM (NBM-DBS) to treat mental and neurological disorders as well as the related mechanisms.

Self-supervised contrastive learning for EEG-based cross-subject motor imagery recognition.

. The extensive application of electroencephalography (EEG) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be attributed to its non-invasive nature and capability to offer high-resolution data. The acquisition of EEG signals is a straightforward process, but the datasets associated with these signals frequently exhibit data scarcity and require substantial resources for proper labeling.

Adenosine kinase gene modified mesenchymal stem cell transplantation retards seizure severity and associated cognitive impairment in a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model.

Purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has a high risk of developing drug resistant and cognitive comorbidities. Adenosine has potential anticonvulsant effects as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, but drugs targeting its receptors and metabolic enzyme has inevitable side effects. Therefore, we investigated adenosine augmentation therapy for seizure control and cognitive comorbidities in TLE animals.

Multidisciplinary recommendations for the management of CAR-T recipients in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed an unprecedented challenge on public health systems. Despite the measures put in place to contain it, COVID-19 is likely to continue experiencing sporadic outbreaks for some time, and individuals will remain susceptible to recurrent infections. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T recipients are characterized by durable B-cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia and loss of T-cell diversity, which lead to an increased proportion of severe/critical cases and a high mortality rate after COVID-19 infection.

Deep brain stimulation of fornix in Alzheimer's disease: From basic research to clinical practice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with the degradation of memory and cognitive ability. Current pharmacotherapies show little therapeutic effect in AD treatment and still cannot prevent the pathological progression of AD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown to enhance memory in morbid obese, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury patients, and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients deteriorates during DBS off.

Sleep disorders in the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019: an overview and risk factor study.

Background: Sleep disorders are common during the outbreak of pandemic diseases, and similar disorders are noted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It is valuable to explore the clinical manifestations and risk factors for sleep disorders in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Inpatients with COVID-19 were enrolled.

Bayesian Algorithms for Joint Estimation of Brain Activity and Noise in Electromagnetic Imaging.

Simultaneously estimating brain source activity and noise has long been a challenging task in electromagnetic brain imaging using magneto- and electroencephalography. The problem is challenging not only in terms of solving the NP-hard inverse problem of reconstructing unknown brain activity across thousands of voxels from a limited number of sensors, but also for the need to simultaneously estimate the noise and interference. We present a generative model with an augmented leadfield matrix to simultaneously estimate brain source activity and sensor noise statistics in electromagnetic brain imaging (EBI).

What Is Different about Teratoma-Associated Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis? A Long-Term Clinical and Neuroimaging Case Series.

Introduction: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is clinically heterogeneous, especially at presentation, and though it is sometimes found in association with tumor, this is by no means the rule.

Methods: Clinical data for 10 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis were collected including one case with teratoma and nine cases without and compared for clinical characteristics. Microscopic pathological examination and immunohistochemical assay of the LGI1 antibody were performed on teratoma tissue obtained by laparoscopic oophorocystectomy.

Case Report: Moving Tumor-Like Foci Behind Refractory Epilepsy-Cerebral Sparganosis Successfully Treated by Surgery After Failure of Praziquantel Treatment.

Cerebral sparganosis is clinically non-specific and easily misdiagnosed, exposing patients to the risk of severe brain damage and neurological dysfunction caused by actively migrating larvae. Diagnostic biomarkers from typical cases can help to establish an early diagnosis and proper treatment. We present a 25-year-old woman who suffered from 9 years of refractory epilepsy and was misdiagnosed with glioma and subjected to surgery.

Interhemispheric functional connectivity asymmetry is distinctly affected in left and right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Introduction: The differences of functional connectivity (FC) and functional asymmetry between left and right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (LMTLE and RMTLE) have not been completely clarified yet. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the FC changes and the FC asymmetric patterns of MTLE, and to compare the differences in FC and functional asymmetry between LMTLE and RMTLE.

Methods: In total, 12 LMTLE, 11 RMTLE patients, and 23 healthy controls (HC) were included.

Investigation of the risk of valproic acid-induced tremor: clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic factors.

Rationale: Investigation of associated risk factors of valproic acid (VPA)-induced tremor helped in increasing tolerance and optimizing treatment scheme individually.

Objectives: To determine the risk factors of VPA-induced tremor, with particular attention on identifying tremor-susceptible gene mutations.

Methods: Epileptic patients taking VPA were divided into a tremor and a non-tremor groups.

Long QT syndrome with potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 gene mutation mimicking refractory epilepsy: case report.

Background: Epileptic seizures can be difficult to distinguish from other etiologies that cause cerebral hypoxia, especially cardiac diseases. Long QT syndrome (LQTS), especially LQTS type 2 (LQT2), frequently masquerades as seizures because of the transient cerebral hypoxia caused by ventricular arrhythmia. The high rate of sudden death in LQTS highlights the importance of accurate and early diagnosis; correct diagnosis of LQTS also prevents inappropriate treatment with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs).

Multimodal MRI staging for tracking progression and clinical-imaging correlation in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Diffusion imaging is very useful for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, but it has limitations in tracking disease progression as mean diffusivity changes non-linearly across the disease course. We previously showed that mean diffusivity changes across the disease course follow a quasi J-shaped curve, characterized by decreased values in earlier phases and increasing values later in the disease course. Understanding how MRI metrics change over-time, as well as their correlations with clinical deficits are crucial steps in developing radiological biomarkers for trials.

Deep Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a prevalent disease in the elderly population. Past decades have witnessed the development of drug therapies with varying targets. However, all drugs with a single molecular target fail to reverse or ameliorate AD progression, which ultimately results in cortical and subcortical network dysregulation.

The clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cerebral stroke: A retrospective study of 113 cases from one single-centre.

To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cerebral stroke. A total of 2,474 COVID-19 patients from February 10th to March 24th, 2020 were admitted and treated in two branches (Optic Valley and Sino-French New City branch) of the Tongji Hospital. Data on the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with or without cerebral stroke were collected and comparatively analysed.

Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by the novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic threat. The potential involvement of COVID-19 in central nervous system (CNS) has attracted considerable attention due to neurological manifestations presented throughout the disease process. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 is structurally similar to SARS-CoV, and both bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter human cells.

Comparison of DSSP and tSSS algorithms for removing artifacts from vagus nerve stimulators in magnetoencephalography data.

Objective: Large-amplitude artifacts from vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implants for refractory epilepsy affect magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings and are difficult to reject, resulting in unusable data from this important population of patients who are frequently evaluated for surgical treatment of epilepsy. Here we compare the performance of two artifact removal algorithms for MEG data: dual signal subspace projection (DSSP) and temporally extended signal space separation (tSSS).

Approach: Each algorithm's performance was first evaluated in simulations.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbidity of childhood epilepsy. ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy have been studied since 1970s in western countries. However, relative studies are still rather limited in China.

Association of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Level and Other Biomarkers With Survival Time in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Importance: Fluid biomarkers that can predict survival time in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) will be critical for clinical care and for treatment trials.

Objective: To assess whether plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are associated with survival time in patients with sCJD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this longitudinal cohort study, data from 193 patients with probable or definite sCJD who had codon 129 genotyping referred to a tertiary national referral service in the United States were collected from March 2004 to January 2018.

Behavior problems in children with epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Central China.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy in Central China and compare the behavioral problems in children with epilepsy combined with and without ADHD. Children with epilepsy aged between 6 and 16 years were recruited for this study. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria were administered for the diagnosis of ADHD and ADHD subtype in children with epilepsy.