Bone Loss in Diabetes Mellitus: Diaporosis.

The objective of this review is to examine the connection between osteoporosis and diabetes, compare the underlying causes of osteoporosis in various forms of diabetes, and suggest optimal methods for diagnosing and assessing fracture risk in diabetic patients. This narrative review discusses the key factors contributing to the heightened risk of fractures in individuals with diabetes, as well as the shared elements impacting the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Understanding the close link between diabetes and a heightened risk of fractures is crucial in effectively managing both conditions.

Paclitaxel Protects against Isoproterenol-Induced Damage in Rat Myocardium: Its Heme-Oxygenase Mediated Role in Cardiovascular Research.

(1) Background: In cardiovascular applications, paclitaxel inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and significantly reduces the occurrence of restenosis and target lesion revascularization. However, the cellular effects of paclitaxel in the myocardium are not well understood; (2) Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CTRL), isoproterenol (ISO) treated (1 mg/kg) and two groups treated with paclitaxel (PAC), which was administrated (10 mg/kg/day) for 5 days by gavage/per os alone or in combination (ISO + PAC) 3 weeks after ISO treatment. Ventricular tissue was harvested 24 h later for measurements of heme oxygenase (HO-1), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), NF-κB, TNF-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO); (3) Results: HO-1 protein concentration, HO-1 activity, SOD protein concentration and total glutathione significantly decreased in response to ISO treatment.

Improving performance of deep learning models using 3.5D U-Net via majority voting for tooth segmentation on cone beam computed tomography.

Deep learning allows automatic segmentation of teeth on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). However, the segmentation performance of deep learning varies among different training strategies. Our aim was to propose a 3.

Improving diagnosing performance for malignant parotid gland tumors using machine learning with multifeatures based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

In this study, the performance of machine learning in classifying parotid gland tumors based on diffusion-related features obtained from the parotid gland tumor, the peritumor parotid gland, and the contralateral parotid gland was evaluated. Seventy-eight patients participated in this study and underwent magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Three regions of interest, including the parotid gland tumor, the peritumor parotid gland, and the contralateral parotid gland, were manually contoured for 92 tumors, including 20 malignant tumors (MTs), 42 Warthin tumors (WTs), and 30 pleomorphic adenomas (PMAs).

Proton change of parotid glands after gustatory stimulation examined by magnetic resonance imaging.

The aim of this study was to investigate proton changes of the parotid gland after gustatory stimulation by semi-quantitative parameters and an empirical mathematical model (EMM) using high-temporal-resolution, double-echo, echo-planar imaging (EPI). Approved by a local institutional review board, this study examined 20 parotid glands from 10 healthy volunteers (male:female = 6: 4; age ± standard deviation =35.1 ± 14.

A potential risk of overestimating apparent diffusion coefficient in parotid glands.

Objectives: To investigate transient signal loss on diffusion weighted images (DWI) and overestimation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in parotid glands using single shot echoplanar DWI (EPDWI).

Materials And Methods: This study enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 7 patients receiving radiotherapy. All participants received dynamic EPDWI with a total of 8 repetitions.

Baicalin attenuates air embolism-induced acute lung injury in rat isolated lungs.

Background And Purpose: Baicalin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and protect against various tissue injuries. However, the effect of baicalin on air embolism-induced acute lung injury has not been tested yet.

Experimental Approach: Acute lung injury was induced by infusion of air at a rate of 0.

Effects of various antioxidants on endotoxin-induced lung injury and gene expression: mRNA expressions of MnSOD, interleukin-1beta and iNOS.

Antioxidants have been shown to be effective in attenuating acute lung injury. In this study, we determine the effects of various antioxidants by different mechanisms on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes. LPS was administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg to anesthetized rats.

Static inflation attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in an isolated rat lung in situ.

Study Objectives: Ischemia (I)/reperfusion (R) lung injury is an important clinical issue in lung transplantation. In the present study, we observed the effects of lung static inflation, different perfusates, and ventilatory gas with nitrogen or oxygen on the I/R-induced pulmonary damage.

Design And Setting: A total of 96 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used.

Protective effect of U74500A on phorbol myristate acetate-induced acute lung injury.

1. The present study was designed to determine whether U74500A could ameliorate acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in our rat isolated lung model compared with any amelioration induced by dimethylthiourea (DMTU), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. 2.

Inhaled nitric oxide exacerbated phorbol-induced acute lung injury in rats.

In this study, we determined the effect of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on the acute lung injury induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in isolated rat lung. Typical acute lung injury was induced successfully by PMA during 60 min of observation. PMA (2 microg/kg) elicited a significant increase in microvascular permeability, (measured using the capillary filtration coefficient Kfc), lung weight gain, lung weight/body weight ratio, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and protein concentration of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Effects of an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on phorbol myristate acetate-induced acute lung injury in rats.

1. In the present study, we determined whether the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nomega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) could ameliorate the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in rat isolated lung. 2.

Nitric oxide mediates lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to play a role in lung injury (LI) induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). However, controversy exists as to the potential beneficial or detrimental effect of NO. In the present study, an in situ, perfused rat lung model was used to study the possible role of NO in the LI induced by I/R.

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Objective: To determine whether fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) pretreatment can attenuate acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in our isolated lung model in rats.

Design: Randomized, controlled study.

Setting: Animal care facility procedure room.

Free radicals mediate amphetamine-induced acute pulmonary edema in isolated rat lung.

Intravenous amphetamine abuse may cause serious cardiopulmonary complications via unknown mechanisms. We investigated the role of free radicals in the amphetamine-induced lung injury using isolated rat lungs. Adding amphetamine into the perfusate caused dose-dependent increases in perfusion pressure and lung weight.

Evidence for the involvement of cyclooxygenase activity in the development of cocaine sensitization.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA(2)) activation generates the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and platelet-activating factor (PAF), two compounds which may be involved in neuroplasticity. In previous studies, we found that PLA(2) activation is involved in the development of stimulant sensitization. In the present study, we have examined the roles of AA and PAF in the development of stimulant sensitization using agonists and antagonists selective for PAF receptors or the induction of various AA cascade-mediated eicosanoids.