Association between thyroid dysfunction and insulin resistance: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between thyroid disease and diabetes markers.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in a diagnostic setting where the primary care providers recommended the patients to test for thyroid and diabetes panels.

An overview of the genes and biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and neurodegenerative disease characterized by neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaque. Familial AD is caused by mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes and these mutations result in the early onset of the disease. Sporadic AD usually affects older adults over the age of 65 years and is, therefore classified as late-onset AD (LOAD).

Oxidative stress: fundamentals and advances in quantification techniques.

Oxidative species, generated endogenously via metabolism or from exogenous sources, play crucial roles in the body. At low levels, these species support immune functions by participating in phagocytosis. They also aid in cellular signaling and contribute to vasomodulation.

Pulling the Rug Out from Under: Biomechanical Microenvironment Remodeling for Induction of Hepatic Stellate Cell Quiescence.

Hepatic fibrosis progresses concomitantly with a variety of biomechanical alternations, especially increased liver stiffness. These biomechanical alterations have long been considered as pathological consequences. Recently, growing evidence proposes that these alternations result in the fibrotic biomechanical microenvironment, which drives the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Oral Microbiome: A Review of Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health.

Purpose Of Review: This review investigates the oral microbiome's composition, functions, influencing factors, connections to oral and systemic diseases, and personalized oral care strategies.

Recent Findings: The oral microbiome is a complex ecosystem consisting of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses that contribute to oral health. Various factors, such as diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions, can affect the balance of the oral microbiome and lead to dysbiosis, which can result in oral health issues like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidiasis, and halitosis.

Association Between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Levels With Lipids and Micronutrients.

Background And Aims: Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, indicating systemic inflammation. Abnormal lipid levels and deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals could also contribute to elevated hs-CRP levels. By broadly looking at the cross-correlations between inflammatory, lipid, and micronutrient markers, we aim to highlight the key associations at the serological levels.

Inside the genome: understanding genetic influences on oxidative stress.

Genetics is a key factor that governs the susceptibility to oxidative stress. In the body, oxidative burden is regulated by the balance between the prooxidant genes that orchestrate processes that produce oxidant species, while the antioxidant genes aid those involved in scavenging these species. Together, the two components aid in maintaining the oxidative balance in the body.

Association of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Polymorphisms With Serological Lipid and Inflammatory Markers.

Background  The study aims to assess the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms with serological lipid and inflammatory markers to determine their potential role in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).  Methodology  A total of 915 individuals underwent testing for lipid and inflammatory biomarkers at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. Clinical data, blood lipid and inflammatory profiles, and APOE genotyping were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

"Golgi-customized Trojan horse" nanodiamonds impair GLUT1 plasma membrane localization and inhibit tumor glycolysis.

Nutrient or energy deprivation, especially glucose restriction, is a promising anticancer therapeutic approach. However, establishing a precise and potent deprivation strategy remains a formidable task. The Golgi morphology is crucial in maintaining the function of transport proteins (such as GLUT1) driving glycolysis.

Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease.

Purpose Of Review: This review comprehensively discusses the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease and sheds light on the importance of a holistic approach in assessing the gut.

Recent Findings: The gut microbiome consisting of the bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, and virome has a profound effect on human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations in the microbial population not only results in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations.

Evaluation of renal markers in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Renal involvement is a common occurrence in subjects with systemic autoimmune diseases. The renal manifestation and its severity depend on the underlying condition and may reversely complicate the clinical course of autoimmune diseases. Renal function markers have been widely used in the assessment of normal functioning of kidneys including glomerular filtration rate and concentrating and diluting capacity of the kidney.

Influence of genetic polymorphisms on serum biomarkers of cardiac health.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide which is why early risk prediction is crucial. Discrete Polygenic risk score (PRS) measurement using saliva or dried blood spot samples collected at home poses a convenient means for early CVD risk assessment. The present study assessed the effects of 28 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 16 serological cardiac markers and also aggregated the risk alleles into a PRS to evaluate its applicability in CVD-risk prediction.

Preliminary Study on the Association of Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acids With Lipid and Hepatic Markers.

Background: Serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with various vital physiological functions and thus elevation in circulating levels results in several metabolic disturbances. Serum levels of BCAAs are strong predictors of various metabolic disorders. Their association with cardiovascular health is uncertain.

Effect of Micronutrients on Thyroid Parameters.

Micronutrients are involved in various vital cellular metabolic processes including thyroid hormone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum levels of micronutrients and their effects on thyroid parameters. The correlation of serum levels of micronutrients and thyroid markers was studied in a group of 387 healthy individuals tested for thyroid markers (T4, T3, FT4, FT3, TSH, anti-TPO, RT3, and anti-Tg) and their micronutrient profile at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory.

Protective Effect of Isopulegol in Alleviating Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced BV-2 Cells and in Parkinson Disease Model Induced with MPTP.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent disease linked with age-associated neuronal degeneration. Phytotherapeutic compounds or agents have gained increased importance because of their increased specificity and minimal side effects. Isopulegol, a monoterpene, was utilized in the present study because of its wide range of therapeutic properties.

Antibody profiling and prevalence in US patients during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic.

Background: Antibody diagnostics play an important role in disease detection and can potentially aid in monitoring of the immune responses to see if an individual has developed immunity. Developing high throughput diagnostics which does not involve handling of infectious material becomes imperative in the case of pandemics such as the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV2.

Methods: A protein microarray technology was used to detect the plurality of antibody response to four novel antigens namely S1 glycoprotein, Receptor binding domain (RBD), S2 glycoprotein and Nucleoprotein of the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV2 using serum samples.

An ultra-high-density protein microarray for high throughput single-tier serological detection of Lyme disease.

Current serological immunoassays have inherent limitations for certain infectious diseases such as Lyme disease, a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi in North America. Here we report a novel method of manufacturing high-density multiplexed protein microarrays with the capacity to detect low levels of antibodies accurately from small blood volumes in a fully automated system. A panel of multiple serological markers for Lyme disease are measured using a protein microarray system, Lyme Immunochip, in a single step but interpreted adhering to the standard two-tiered testing algorithm (enzyme immunoassay followed by Western blot).

Comorbid SUNCT Syndrome and Opalski Syndrome Caused by Dorsolateral Medullary Infarction.

Opalski syndrome is a rare variation of lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) accompanied by ipsilateral hemiparesis. Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headaches with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) is a rare headache syndrome which belongs to the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. SUNCT syndrome has been previously described in association with LMS.

Evaluation of the Vibrant DNA microarray for the high-throughput multiplex detection of enteric pathogens in clinical samples.

Background: Rapid detection of a wide range of etiologic agents is essential for appropriate treatment and control of gastrointestinal (GI) infections. A variety of microbial species including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been recognized as diarrheagenic enteric pathogens. However, multiplex testing of various targets in a single reaction needs further improvement because of its limitation in species and throughput.

Significance of Anti-TPO as an Early Predictive Marker in Thyroid Disease.

Even though most thyroid subjects are undiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms, universal screening for thyroid disease is not recommended for the general population. In this study, our motive is to showcase the early appearance of thyroid autoantibody, anti-TPO, prior to the onset of thyroid hormone disruption; hence the addition of anti-TPO in conjunction with traditional thyroid markers TSH and FT4 would aid to reduce the long-term morbidity and associated health concerns. Here, a total of 4581 subjects were tested multiple times for TSH, FT4, anti-TPO, and anti-Tg and followed up for 2 years.

Exploring Systemic Autoimmunity in Thyroid Disease Subjects.

Introduction: Individuals with one autoimmune disease are at risk of developing a second autoimmune disease, but the pathogenesis or the sequential occurrence of multiple autoimmune diseases has not been established yet. In this study, we explored the association and sequential occurrence of antibodies in thyroid disease and systemic autoimmune disease subjects. We evaluated thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid autoantibodies, anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) to comprehend the association with systemic autoimmune autoantibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), and autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) in subjects with thyroid-related symptoms.

Overlap of Characteristic Serological Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Wheat-Related Disorders.

Background And Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and celiac disease (CD) are members of the autoimmune disease family while they have been shown to share multiple aspects in epidemiology and clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of wheat protein antibodies in RA seropositive subjects and the presence of RA diagnostic markers in subjects with seropositive wheat-related disorders including CD.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 844 subjects with joint pain and/or gastrointestinal symptoms and tested by a CD panel (anti-tTG and anti-DGP), a Wheat Zoomer (WZ) antibody panel (IgG/IgA to 14 wheat proteins), and a RA panel (anti-CCP and anti-RF).

Insights into cardiovascular risk and nutritional status in subjects with wheat-related disorders.

Wheat-related disorders are a spectrum of disorders associated with different autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear whether these wheat-related disorders lead to adverse health effects such as cardiovascular risk, nutritional deficiencies etc. The objective of the study was to explore the lipid profiles and the nutritional status of subjects with wheat-related disorders to understand the potential threat of wheat on cardiovascular risk and nutritional deficiency.

Synthetic Neoepitopes of the Transglutaminase-Deamidated Gliadin Complex as Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Monitoring Celiac Disease.

Background & Aims: Celiac disease (CeD) has characteristics of an autoimmune disease, such as increased antibody levels to tissue transglutaminase (tTG). However, assays to measure these biomarkers in blood samples do not identify patients with sufficient accuracy for diagnosis or monitoring of CeD. We aimed to discover biomarkers of CeD derived from neoepitopes of deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP) and tTG fragments and to determine if immune reactivity against these epitopes can identify patients with CeD with mucosal healing.