Cookiecutter Shark-Related Injuries: A New Threat to Swimming Across the Ka'iwi Channel.

In a 5-month period in 2019, 3 long-distance swimmers sustained cookiecutter shark-related injuries while attempting to cross the Ka'iwi Channel between the Hawaiian Islands of O'ahu and Moloka'i. This report is the first case series of cookiecutter shark bites on live humans. A retrospective review of the State of Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources Shark Incidents List was conducted between March 1, 2019, and July 31, 2019.

Shark-related injuries in Hawai'i treated at a level 1 trauma center.

Background: Although rare, human-shark interactions can result in a wide spectrum of injuries. This is the first study to characterize shark-related injuries (SRIs) in Hawai'i.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of the State of Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources Shark Incidents List between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019.

Pelvic Ring Fracture During a Professional Surfing Event at the Banzai Pipeline.

We present a case of a 32-y-old male professional surfer who sustained an isolated pelvic ring fracture after wiping out on a large wave and striking the ocean floor during a world championship tour surfing competition in Hawaii. The surfer was rescued by the water patrol lifeguards, evaluated by onsite medical staff, and stabilized for transfer and subsequent surgical management. As surfing and surfing competitions become increasingly popular, medical staff and event organizers must be aware of the possibility for severe, life-threatening injuries during surfing events.

Reoperation rate after internal fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures with the percutaneous compression plate: what are the risk factors?

Objective: The aim was this study was to analyze the risk factors for reoperation after internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur using the percutaneous compression plate (PCCP).

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted at the University Hospital.

Socio-economic outcome after blunt orthopaedic trauma: Implications on injury prevention.

Background: Several large studies have identified factors associated with long-term outcome after orthopaedic injuries. However, long-term social and economic implications have not been published so far. The aim of this investigation is to study the long-term socio-economic consequences of patients sustaining severe trauma.

Scoring systems for outcome after knee injuries.

Outcome assessment after knee injuries and periarticular fractures are not well described in the literature. This review focuses on outcome assessment, specifically surveying various scoring systems after knee trauma. Additionally, we include a report on a series of 637 patients with multiple injuries that were re-examined at least 10 years after the inciting incident.

Application of acid-treated yeast cell wall (AYC) as a pharmaceutical additive. III. AYC aqueous coating onto granules and film formation mechanism of AYC.

From the viewpoint of effective utilization of natural resources and development of new pharmaceutical materials, acid-treated yeast cell wall (AYC) was prepared via a novel approach involving acidification of brewers' yeast cell wall. AYC aqueous dispersion containing 5% (w/v) AYC and 0.5% (w/v) glycerol was prepared.

Application of acid-treated yeast cell wall (AYC) as a pharmaceutical additive. II: effects of curing on the medicine release from AYC-coated tablets.

Acid-treated yeast cell wall (AYC) was newly prepared by acidifying brewers' yeast cell wall. Core tablets containing 3% of acetaminophen (AAP) were coated with the AYC aqueous dispersion containing 5% (w/v) of AYC and 0.35% (w/v) of glycerol.

Application of acid-treated yeast cell wall (AYC) as a pharmaceutical additive I. AYC as a novel coating material.

Acid-treated yeast cell wall (AYC) was newly prepared by acidifying the cell wall of brewer's yeast and the potential to use AYC as a novel coating material was studied. AYC had an oval shape with the diameter of several microm. The rheogram of AYC aqueous dispersion showed the plastic fluid property that is generally observed in the suspension.

Activities of hepatic enzymes related to ethanol oxidation and effects of ethanol on hepatic metabolites in rats with chronic liver injury.

To study the effects of ethanol on liver chronically injured by CCl4, activities of hepatic enzymes related to ethanol oxidation, influences of ethanol on hepatic metabolites, and blood ethanol disappearance were observed. (1) Activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, low- and high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase, microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system and drug-metabolizing enzyme were remarkably decreased in the injured liver. (2) Increases in lactate/pyruvate and beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetacetate ratios were shown in control liver 2 h after ethanol ingestion.

Studies on citrate metabolism in liver injuries. 2. Response of liver citrate to glucose load.

The effect of glucose load on the levels of blood glucose, serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver citrate was investigated in carbontetrachloride-intoxicated (injured) rats and compared with non-intoxicated controls. The citrate level in the liver from injured animals showed 15-fold of the value of the control. Glucose load on these animals caused gradual decrease in the citrate level, whereas similar administration to the control caused inverse results.

Studies on citrate metabolism in liver injuries. 1. Fasting blood citrate level in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.

For the purpose to study the citrate metabolism in liver diseases, blood citrate, blood glucose and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in fasting state were measured in the subjects with chronic hepatitis and with liver cirrhosis. Citrate and glucose were measured by the enzymatic methods. NEFA was measured colorimetrically.