Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: ferumoxide-enhanced MR imaging as a tiebreaker.

We examined a 70-year-old male patient with an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver mimicking a peripheral-type cholangiocellular carcinoma. Ferumoxide-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed residual Kupffer cell function in liver parenchyma in and surrounding the inflammatory pseudotumor involvement, which suggested the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. We correlate the MR imaging and pathologic findings in this report.

Angiogenesis in hepatocellular nodules: correlation of MR imaging and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings and angiogenetic activity in hepatocellular nodules evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with antibody of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Materials And Methods: We searched the pathologic records of our institution from December 1999 to April 2002, and included 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (N = 14), large regenerative nodule (N = 1), and dysplastic nodule (N = 1) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (10 patients) or partial hepatectomy (six patients) and MR imaging within an interval of two weeks. The MR images were retrospectively assessed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Nodule-in-nodule appearance of hepatocellular carcinomas: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced and ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To perform comparison of gadolinium-enhanced and ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of nodule-in-nodule appearance of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).

Materials And Methods: During a recent 45-month period, we had eight patients (five men and three women; age range, 63-84 years; mean, 71 years) with HCCs with nodule-in-nodule appearance who underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI, ferumoxides-enhanced MRI, and computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP) and computed tomography during hepatic arteriography (CTHA), combined and separately, within an interval of two weeks. Two blinded radiologists in consensus retrospectively evaluated three sets of sequences: unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR, gadolinium-enhanced MR, and ferumoxides-enhanced MR images in random order of patients and imaging sequences.

Early heterogeneous enhancement of the liver: magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical significance.

Purpose: To investigate and assess the radiologic, serological, and histopathologic findings in patients who presented with early heterogeneous enhancement (EHE) on gadolinium-enhanced early-phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver.

Materials And Methods: We searched our radiologic records of MRI of the liver from July 1999 to April 2002 to identify patients with EHE. Three investigators retrospectively evaluated in consensus the MR images in each patient for intensity and characteristic of EHE blinded to clinical information.

Malignant hepatic tumor detection with ferumoxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: is chemical-shift-selective fat suppression necessary for fast spin-echo sequence?

Purpose: To determine whether chemical-shift-selective (CSS) fat suppression is necessary for ferumoxide-enhanced T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging in the detection of malignant hepatic tumors.

Materials And Methods: Ferumoxide-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 38 patients with surgically confirmed 61 malignant hepatic tumors (36 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 25 metastases) were retrospectively reviewed by three independent readers. Three sequences of MR images with CSS fat-suppressed T2-weighted FSE, non-fat-suppressed T2-weighted FSE, and T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) sequences were randomly reviewed on a segment-by-segment basis in a blind fashion.

Early-enhancing nonneoplastic lesions on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the liver following partial hepatectomy.

Purpose: To assess the frequency, imaging findings, and significance of early-enhancing nonneoplastic (EN) lesions with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver following partial hepatectomy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MR images after partial hepatectomy in 30 patients. Postoperative MRI was performed in 1-12 months (mean, 3.

Pheochromocytoma with posthemorrhagic cystic degeneration: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

We describe in vivo and in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a pheochromocytoma with posthemorrhagic cystic degeneration in a 74-year-old man. The in vivo MR images showed the mass as an area of homogeneous moderate hyperintensity with a central area of intense hyperintensity outlined by a thin hypointense rim on a T2-weighted image. The in vitro MR images showed a hyperintense rim around the central cystic area consistent with hemorrhage on T1-weighted gradient-echo images with short echo times (1.

Detection of malignant hepatic tumors with ferumoxide-enhanced MR imaging: usefulness of multishot and single-shot fast spin echo sequences.

The purpose of our study was to assess whether respiratory-triggered multishot fast spin echo (MS-FSE) and breath-hold half-Fourier single-shot fast spin echo (SS-FSE) images, in addition to breath-hold T(2)*-weighted gradient recalled echo (GRE) images, increase observer performance in the detection of malignant hepatic tumors with ferumoxide-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Ferumoxide-enhanced MR images obtained from 48 patients with 83 malignant hepatic tumors were retrospectively reviewed by three independent off-site readers. In the first image review, GRE images alone were reviewed.

Cavernous hemangiomas in patients with chronic liver disease: MR imaging findings.

The purpose of our study was to assess the difference in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cavernous hemangiomas in patients with chronic liver disease compared them with hemangiomas in normal livers. We retrospectively searched our records of MRI of the liver between October 1998 and June 2002, and identified 76 hemangiomas in 49 patients (18 men and 31 women; age range 29-81 years [mean, 57 years]). Hemangiomas were classified into 3 groups: patients with cirrhosis [group 1, 8 lesions in 8 patients], patients with chronic hepatitis [group 2, 6 lesions in 5 patients], and patients without underlying liver disease [group 3, 62 lesions in 36 patients].

Ferumoxide-enhanced MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histologic tumor grade and tumor vascularity.

Purpose: To evaluate ferumoxide-enhanced MR imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in correlation with the histologic tumor grades and the tumor vascularity evaluated by CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA) and CT during arterial portography (CTAP) combined.

Materials And Methods: By searching the radiologic, surgical, and pathologic reports of our institution between January 1999 and February 2001, we identified 43 patients with 51 pathologically confirmed HCCs who underwent ferumoxide-enhanced MR imaging and combination CTHA and CTAP within two weeks. The HCCs consisted of 17 well-differentiated, 28 moderately differentiated, and six poorly differentiated tumors.

Detection of malignant hepatic tumors with ferumoxides-enhanced MRI: comparison of five gradient-recalled echo sequences with different TEs.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to compare the detectability of malignant hepatic tumors on ferumoxides-enhanced MRI using five gradient-recalled echo sequences at different TEs.

Materials And Methods: Ferumoxides-enhanced MRIs obtained in 31 patients with 50 malignant hepatic tumors (33 hepatocellular carcinomas, 17 metastases) were reviewed retrospectively by three independent offsite radiologists. T1-weighted gradient-recalled echo images with TEs of 1.

Primary malignant mesothelioma of the liver: MR imaging findings.

We report the MR imaging findings of a primary malignant mesothelioma of the liver arising from Glisson's capsule. A 54-year-old woman, presenting with acute abdominal pain and a large liver mass previously shown on CT, underwent MR imaging to characterize the lesion. The tumor was a greater than 12 cm tumor located in the right lobe of the liver, which was sharply marginated, with heterogeneous internal signal, septations and central necrosis.

Early-enhancing non-neoplastic lesions on gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the liver.

Aim: To assess the frequency, cause, and significance of early-enhancing, non-neoplastic (EN) lesions on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver performed for the detection of malignant hepatic tumours.

Materials And Methods: From September 1997 to September 2000, we reviewed the images of 125 patients, suspected of having hepatic tumours, in whom (1) gadolinium-enhanced triphasic dynamic gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) imaging in addition to unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted MRI was performed, (2) conventional angiography and combination computed tomography (CT) hepatic arteriography and CT during arterial portography were performed within 2 weeks of the MRI, and (3) definitive surgery within 2 weeks of the MRI or follow-up study by means of intravenously contrast-enhanced CT or MRI in 10 months or more was performed. Angiographic studies were correlated to determine the underlying causes of the EN lesions.

Spectrum of MRI appearances of untreated metastases of the liver.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to identify the spectrum of MRI appearances of untreated liver metastases from different primary origins.

Materials And Methods: Over a period of 52 months, we used our clinical information system to retrospectively identify the first MRIs obtained in 165 consecutive patients who had untreated liver metastases. All patients had histologic confirmation of the primary tumor.

Renal cell carcinoma in a transplanted kidney: MR imaging findings.

We report the MR findings of a 42-year-old man who developed renal cell carcinoma in an allograft kidney, 10 years after transplantation. The lower pole of the transplant kidney showed a solid lesion which was well shown on the post gadolinium fat suppressed images as a heterogeneously enhancing 2 cm mass lesion.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: MR imaging evaluation using current techniques.

Purpose: To determine the MR imaging findings of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease using current imaging techniques.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed our five-year experience with MR imaging of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to determine the spectrum of appearance of kidney disease, the occurrence of cysts in other abdominal organs, the size and number of cysts in the kidneys and other organs, and the association with other benign or malignant disease. Thirty patients (17 men and 13 women, age range 30 to 88 years old) with ADPKD were included in this study.

Hepatocellular carcinoma of diffuse type: MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations.

Purpose: To assess MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations of diffuse-type hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with diffuse HCC from November 1994 to October 2001. MR imaging findings and clinical features were assessed.

Evaluation of optimal timing of arterial phase imaging for the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma by using triple arterial phase imaging with multidetector-row helical computed tomography.

Purpose: We evaluated the optimal timing of arterial phase imaging for detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma by using triple arterial phase imaging with multidetector-row helical computed tomography.

Materials And Methods: Forty-nine patients with 90 hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (3 to 50 mm in diameter; mean, 18.7 mm) underwent triple arterial phase imaging of the whole liver using a multidetector-row helical computed tomography.

Perilesional hyperintense rim of malignant hepatic tumors on ferumoxide-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo MR images: correlation between MR imaging and histopathologic findings.

Purpose: To correlate the perilesional hyperintense rim of malignant hepatic tumors seen on ferumoxide-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo (GE) MR images with histopathologic findings.

Materials And Methods: In 13 tumors in 12 patients, T1-weighted GE images (TE of 1.4 msec, flip angle of 90 degrees) obtained after IV administration of ferumoxide were evaluated.

Esophageal varices: diagnosis with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the liver for patients with chronic liver damage.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the value of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the liver in the detection and grading of esophageal varices in patients with chronic liver damage.

Materials And Methods: Three independent off-site radiologists retrospectively reviewed MR images of the liver obtained in 72 patients with chronic liver damage, including 49 patients with untreated esophageal varices. All patients had undergone gastrointestinal endoscopy within 2 weeks of MR imaging.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. MR imaging findings.

We report the MR appearance of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in a 51 year old man, who presented with a 14-month history of fatigue and anemia to his physician. The tumor showed massive replacement of the liver and had an unusual appearance of multiple high fluid content focal lesions with diminished vascularity.