Factors Associated With Receipt of Tobacco Treatment Integrated With Nurse Navigation in a Centralized Lung Cancer Screening Program at an Urban Academic Medical Center.

Purpose: Optimal approaches for tobacco treatment counseling among individuals who currently smoke and are undergoing shared decision-making (SDM) and lung cancer screening (LCS) are unknown. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the rate of reported interest in tobacco treatment counseling and pharmacotherapy among individuals who currently smoke and are receiving integrated nurse navigation for LCS and tobacco treatment in a centralized LCS Program.

Methods: We identified individuals undergoing SDM through our centralized LCS Program between March 2021 and March 2022.

The Imaging Spectrum of Device-Related Thrombus After Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.

Surveillance imaging at 45 to 90 days after transcatheter left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or cardiac computed tomography (CT) is recommended to assess device position and the presence of device-related complications such as device-related thrombus (DRT) or peridevice leak. Detection of DRT is associated with a significantly increased risk of a stroke or systemic embolization event within 6 months of detection. Nonetheless, there is significant variability in detection of DRT as a result of timing, frequency, and imaging modality used for surveillance.

Using Electrocardiogram to Assess Diastolic Function and Prognosis in Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: The determination of left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) in patients with significant (≥moderate) mitral regurgitation (MR) poses a complex challenge. We recently validated an artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) algorithm to estimate LVDF.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality across AI-ECG LVDF-derived myocardial disease (MD) grades in MR.

Machine Learning Identifies Clinically Distinct Phenotypes in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation.

Background: Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a prevalent valve disease with a long latent period to symptoms. Recent data has suggested the role of novel markers of myocardial overload in assessing onset of decompensation.

Method: We sought to evaluate the role of unsupervised cluster analyses in identifying different clinical clusters, including clinical status, and a large number of echocardiographic variables including left ventricular (LV) volumes, and their association with mortality.

Echocardiographic Markers of Early Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Aortic Regurgitation: Is It Time to Change the Guidelines?

Background: The ideal timing for surgery in asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) remains unclear. New thresholds for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular (LV) indexed end-systolic volume (iESV), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) have been associated with mortality in these patients. These represent markers of early LV dysfunction.

Anatomic restoration of lateral humeral offset and humeral retroversion optimizes functional outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Cadaveric and computer simulations suggest lateral humeral offset (LHO) and humeral retroversion (HR) are associated with strength and range of motion (ROM) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), butin vivodata is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of implant parameters (i.e.

Rat movements reflect internal decision dynamics in an evidence accumulation task.

Perceptual decision-making involves multiple cognitive processes, including accumulation of sensory evidence, planning, and executing a motor action. How these processes are intertwined is unclear; some models assume that decision-related processes precede motor execution, whereas others propose that movements reflecting ongoing decision processes occur before commitment to a choice. Here we combine two complementary methods to study the relationship between decision processes and the movements leading up to a choice.

Safety of Diltiazem for Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction in the Emergency Department.

Background: Diltiazem is an effective rate control agent for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate (AF RVR). However, its negative inotropic effects may increase the risk for worsening heart failure in patients with a reduced ejection fraction (EF).

Objectives: This observational study aims to describe the incidence of worsening heart failure in patients who receive intravenous diltiazem for acute atrial fibrillation management.

A national survey of current practice in pre-alveolar bone graft orthodontics in the United Kingdom.

Objective: To obtain an overview of current practice for pre-alveolar bone graft (pre-ABG) orthodontics at cleft centres across the United Kingdom.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Web-based.

Surgical Parameters During Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Predict Post-Surgical Kinematics During the Hand-to-Head Motion.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify surgical parameters during reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) that predict post-surgical kinematics during the hand-to-head motion (H2H) and to identify associations between kinematics and outcomes. We hypothesized that greater humeral retroversion and lateralization predict kinematics, and that more scapular upward rotation is associated with better PROs and more range of motion (ROM).

Methods: Thirty-five post-RSA patients consented to participate.

Targeted therapies for vascular malformations.

Targeted medical therapies for the treatment of vascular malformations is an exciting and evolving area of research. As the identification of specific causative genetic mutations involved in vascular malformations becomes more accessible and inexpensive, the development of targeted therapies to address these genetic anomalies becomes all the more enticing. It is an excellent example of the potential of translational research where basic science discoveries are translated to clinical practise from 'bench to bedside'.

Nanocarrier design for pathogen-inspired innate immune agonist delivery.

In complex diseases such as cancer, modulating cytokine signatures of disease using innate immune agonists holds therapeutic promise. Novel multi-agonist treatments offer tunable control of the immune system because they are uniquely pathogen inspired, eliciting robust antitumor responses by promoting synergistic cytokine responses. However, the chief strategic hurdle is ensuring multi-agonist delivery to the same target cells, highlighting the importance of using nanomaterial-based carriers.

Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients.

Background: There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients.

Aim: To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TJA patients.

Methods: The study comprised 110 TJA patients who had a recent history of high chromium, cobalt or titanium concentrations.

Arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage yields similar outcomes to open Latarjet for primary and revision stabilization in the setting of subcritical glenoid bone loss.

Background: Management of patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability in the setting of subcritical glenoid bone loss (GBL), defined in this study as 20% GBL or less, remains controversial. This study aimed to compare arthroscopic Bankart with remplissage (ABR + R) to open Latarjet for subcritical GBL in primary or revision procedures. We hypothesized that ABR + R would yield higher rates of recurrent instability and reoperation compared to Latarjet in both primary and revision settings.

Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Severe Aortic Regurgitation.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been shown to be associated with worse outcomes in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) in small older studies.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the prevalence of PH in patients with severe AR, its impact on mortality and symptoms, and regression after aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods: A total of 821 consecutive patients with chronic ≥ moderate-severe AR on echocardiography from 2004 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

A cross-species framework for investigating perceptual evidence accumulation.

Unlabelled: Cross-species studies are important for a comprehensive understanding of brain functions. However, direct quantitative comparison of behaviors across species presents a significant challenge. To enable such comparisons in perceptual decision-making, we developed a synchronized evidence accumulation task for human and non-human animals, by aligning mechanics, stimuli, and training.

Retinoid orphan receptor gamma t (rorγt) promotes inflammatory eosinophilia but is dispensable for innate immune-mediated colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa leading to damage and loss of function. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the inflammation of IBD and innate and adaptive immune cells reciprocally activate each other in a forward feedback loop. In order to better understand innate immune contributions to IBD, we developed a model of spontaneous 100% penetrant, early onset colitis that occurs in the absence of adaptive immunity by crossing villin-TNFAIP3 mice to RAG1-/- mice (TRAG mice).