Breast Cancer Screening Using Inverse Modeling of Surface Temperatures and Steady-State Thermal Imaging.

Cancer is characterized by increased metabolic activity and vascularity, leading to temperature changes in cancerous tissues compared to normal cells. This study focused on patients with abnormal mammogram findings or a clinical suspicion of breast cancer, exclusively those confirmed by biopsy. Utilizing an ultra-high sensitivity thermal camera and prone patient positioning, we measured surface temperatures integrated with an inverse modeling technique based on heat transfer principles to predict malignant breast lesions.

Breast cancer detection using enhanced IRI-numerical engine and inverse heat transfer modeling: model description and clinical validation.

Effective treatment of breast cancer relies heavily on early detection. Routine annual mammography is a widely accepted screening technique that has resulted in significantly improving the survival rate. However, it suffers from low sensitivity resulting in high false positives from screening.

Salt templated and graphene nanoplatelets draped copper (GNP-draped-Cu) composites for dramatic improvements in pool boiling heat transfer.

We demonstrate a novel technique to achieve highly surface active, functional, and tunable hierarchical porous coated surfaces with high wickability using a combination of ball milling, salt-templating, and sintering techniques. Specifically, using ball-milling to obtain graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) draped copper particles followed by salt templated sintering to induce the strength and cohesiveness to the particles. The salt-templating method was specifically used to promote porosity on the coatings.

Viscosity of nanofluids containing anisotropic particles: A critical review and a comprehensive model.

Compared to nanofluids with spherical particles, nanofluids with anisotropic particles possess higher thermal conductivity and present a better enhancement option in heat transfer applications. The viscosity variation of such nanofluids becomes of great importance in evaluating their pumping power in thermal systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the experimental and theoretical studies on the viscosity of nanofluids with anisotropic particles.

Modeling Bubble Collisions at Liquid?Liquid and Compound Interfaces.

The collision of a bubble at liquid?liquid, solid?liquid?liquid, and gas?liquid?liquid interfaces, the latter two of which are referred to as compound interfaces, is modeled to predict the bubble?s velocity profile and the pressure buildup and drainage rate of the film(s) formed at impact. A force balance approach, previously outlined for bubble collisions at solid and free surfaces, is employed, which takes into account four forces acting on the bubble: buoyancy, drag, inertia of the surrounding liquid through an added mass force, and a film force resulting from the pressure buildup in the liquid film formed between the bubble and the interface upon impact. The augmented Young?Laplace equation is applied to define the pressure buildup in the film(s), while lubrication theory is employed to define the film drainage rate(s) through the use of the Stokes?Reynolds equation.

Flow Regimes and Transition Criteria during Passage of Bubbles through a Liquid-Liquid Interface.

The passage of a single bubble or a stream of bubbles through a liquid-liquid interface is a highly dynamic process that can result in a number of different outcomes. Previous studies focused primarily on a single bubble and single flow regime, and very few investigations have considered bubble streams. In the present work, six different liquid combinations made up of water, ethanol, a perfluorocarbon liquid, PP1, and one of three different viscosity silicone oils are tested with air bubbles from 2 to 6 mm in diameter rising between 5 and 55 cm/s.

Coupled Motion of Contact Line on Nanoscale Chemically Heterogeneous Surfaces for Improved Bubble Dynamics in Boiling.

We demonstrate that the contact line (CL) motion on energetically heterogeneous solid surfaces occurs in a coupled fashion as against the traditional staggered stick-slip motion. Introducing chemical inhomogeneities at nanoscale induces a local change in dynamic contact angles which manifests as a smooth and continuous motion of the CL. Nanoscale chemically inhomogeneous surfaces comprising of gold, palladium and nickel were generated on copper substrates to demonstrate the underlying CL dynamics.

Heat Transfer Investigation of Air Flow in Microtubes-Part II: Scale and Axial Conduction Effects.

In this paper, the scale effects are specifically addressed by conducting experiments with air flow in different microtubes. Three stainless steel tubes of 962, 308, and 83 m inner diameter (ID) are investigated for friction factor, and the first two are investigated for heat transfer. Viscous heating effects are studied in the laminar as well as turbulent flow regimes by varying the air flow rate.

Ru (III) catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic ketones by N-bromosuccinimide in aqueous acetic acid: a kinetic study.

Kinetics of Ru (III) catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, iso-butylmethyl ketone by N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of Hg(II) acetate have been studied in aqueous acid medium. The order of [N-bromosuccinimide] was found to be zero both in catalyzed as well as uncatalyzed reactions. However, the order of [ketone] changed from unity to a fractional one in the presence of Ru (III).

Splanchnic sympathetic nerves in the development of mild DOCA-salt hypertension.

We previously reported that mild deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension develops in the absence of generalized sympathoexcitation. However, sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) is regionally heterogeneous, so we began to investigate the role of sympathetic nerves to specific regions. Our first study on that possibility revealed no contribution of renal nerves to hypertension development.

Requirement for functional BK channels in maintaining oscillation in venomotor tone revealed by species differences in expression of the β1 accessory subunits.

We determined the possible role of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K (BK) channels in regulation of venous tone in small capacitance veins and blood pressure. In rat mesenteric venous smooth muscle cells (MV SMC), BK channel α- and β1-subunits were coexpressed, unitary BK currents were detected, and single-channel currents were sensitive to voltage and [Ca2+]i. Rat MV SMCs displayed Ca sparks and iberiotoxin-sensitive spontaneous transient outward currents.

Mild DOCA-salt hypertension: sympathetic system and role of renal nerves.

Excess sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) is linked to human essential and experimental hypertension. To test whether sympathetic activation is associated with a model of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension featuring two kidneys and a moderate elevation of blood pressure, we measured whole body norepinephrine (NE) spillover as an index of global SNA. Studies were conducted in chronically catheterized male Sprague-Dawley rats drinking water containing 1% NaCl and 0.

Cell Lysis in SWLA-2 Hybridomas due to 1 kHz AC Electric Fields.

This paper describes results involving the percentage cell lysis of SWLA-2 murine hybridomas produced by AC electric field pulses at 1 kHz with pulse widths ranging from 1 ms to 1 second. Cells that had been exposed to the electric fields were cultured and replicate samples were examined at 48 hours to determine the number of viable cells.

Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus using a Capacitive Immunosensor.

This paper describes the detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus using a novel capacitive immunosensor technology, whereby the respective antibodies for the antigens were used as a means for chemical detection on separate sensors. Devices were fabricated using standard etching and metal plating techniques, followed by immobilization of antibodies. Detection of antigen was performed by measuring voltage change due to changes in capacitance as antigen bound to the antibody surface.

An examination of the effect of decaying exponential pulse electric fields on cell mortality in murine spleenocytes, hybridomas, and human natural killer cells.

This work describes the percentage cell lysis produced by exponentially decaying electric field pulses of varying amplitudes and time constants. Three different cell types were examined: murine spleenocytes, hybridomas, and human natural killer. Cells were cultured and separate samples examined at 24 hours and 48 hours.

An examination of the effect of an AC pulsed electric field on cell mortality in SWLA-2 hybridomas.

This work describes the initial experimental setup and results involving the percentage cell lysis in SWLA-2 murine hybridomas produced by AC electric field pulses of varying amplitudes and pulse widths. Cells were cultured and separate samples examined at 24 hours. The frequency, pulse width and peak-to-peak voltage were varied.

Cloning and expression analysis of two novel paraflagellar rod domain genes found in Trypanosoma cruzi.

The eukaryotic flagellum is one of the most complex macromolecular structures found in cells, containing more than 250 proteins. One unique structure in the flagella of trypanomastids is the paraflagellar rod (PFR). The PFR constitutes a lattice of cytoskeletal filaments that lies alongside the axoneme in the flagella.