Impacts of Global Solid Biofuel Stove Emissions on Ambient Air Quality and Human Health.

Global solid biofuel stove emissions strongly impact air quality, climate change, and human health. However, investigations of the impacts of global solid biofuel stove emissions on human health associated with PM (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and ozone (O) are limited.

Global Climate and Human Health Effects of the Gasoline and Diesel Vehicle Fleets.

The global gasoline and diesel fuel vehicle fleets impose substantial impacts on air quality, human health, and climate change. Here we quantify the global radiative forcing and human health impacts of the global gasoline and diesel sectors using the NCAR CESM global chemistry-climate model for year 2015 emissions from the IIASA GAINS inventory. Net global radiative effects of short-lived climate forcers (including aerosols, ozone, and methane) from the gasoline and diesel sectors are +13.

Surface residence and uptake of methyl chloride and methyl alcohol at the air/water interface studied by vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy and molecular dynamics.

Vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the surface residence and organization of gas-phase methyl halide and methyl alcohol molecules adsorbed to the air/water interface, while Raman spectroscopy is used to detect the uptake of the gas-phase species into the bulk aqueous phase. Spectroscopy results reveal the presence of methyl alcohol in the bulk and at the surface. Methyl chloride is detected in the bulk, but not at the surface.

Competition between DPPC and SDS at the air-aqueous interface.

Vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy is used to study the interactions of the charged soluble organic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with an insoluble 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) monolayer at the air-aqueous interface. Results indicate that the surfactant species compete for surface sites in the mixed system, with a lower monolayer number density of DPPC molecules being observed in the presence of dodecyl sulfate anions at the interface. Spectroscopic results also indicate that fewer dodecyl sulfate chains reside at the interface when the insoluble DPPC film is present.