A practical program for responding to epileptic seizures including buccal midazolam administration in schools: Effectiveness evaluation for Yogo teachers in Japan.

Early response to epileptic seizures is critical. In children, epileptic seizures can occur at school, and practical programs are required to enable teachers to respond. In Japan, schoolteachers may administer buccal midazolam orally under certain conditions; however, there are no established training programs for responding to epileptic seizures in schools.

[Functional MRI activation in area V4 alpha during a hue arrangement test].

Background: Recent studies of cerebral information processing have shown that area V4 alpha, the area anterior to area V4, which is known as the human color center, is also associated with color. However, our clinical study has shown that lesions associated with hue arrangement test failures are more anterior than those associated with pseudoisochromatic plate test failure.

Purpose And Methods: We studied area V4 alpha, and planned two functional magnetic resonance experiments for V4 alpha activity during the hue arrangement test.

The Rayleigh Color Matches in Idiopathic Macular Holes Treated by Vitrectomy.

Purpose: The Rayleigh color matches were measured to investigate the optical density in the cone photopigment of the central retina in patients with macular holes that had closed after vitrectomy.Methods: The Rayleigh equation was measured with the IF-2 anomaloscope in 7 patients with macular holes in one eye, that had closed after vitrectomy and gained an improvement in visual acuity of 0.5 or better.

[The Rayleigh color matches in idiopathic macular holes treated by vitrectomy].

Purpose: The Rayleigh color matches were measured to investigate the optical density in the cone photopigment of the central retina in patients with macular holes that had closed after vitrectomy.

Methods: The Rayleigh equation was measured with the IF-2 anomaloscope in 7 patients with macular holes in one eye, that had closed after vitrectomy and gained an improvement in visual acuity of 0.5 or better.

[Optical density of human macular pigment in spectral sensitivity measurements].

Optical density of the human macular pigment was measured by studying the spectral sensitivities to 1 degree, 200 ms test flashes on a 430 nm monochromatic background in the fovea and 10 degrees outside the fovea. Narrow-band (6 to 10 nm half band width) interference filters were used for the test lights. The difference between the spectral sensitivity in the fovea and outside the fovea coincided with the optical density of the macular pigment estimated previously by psychophysical means.

[Spectral sensitivities on monochromatic backgrounds].

The spectral sensitivities of cone mechanisms were measured on monochromatic backgrounds and the results were compared with the Stiles II-mechanism. Narrow band interference filters with dominant wavelengths of 430 nm and 700 nm were used for background light. The pattern of the spectral sensitivity curve on a 430 nm background with a retinal illuminance of 530 photopic trolands was similar to that of the Stiles II 5-mechanism (long wavelength-sensitive cones).

[Auto recording system for the Goldmann perimeter].

In order to develop a method for converting the Goldmann perimeter data directly for computer storage and evaluation, a recording instrument was designed as a modification of the Goldmann perimeter. By installing the two potentiometers on the pantographic arm and electrical switches, the position of the test target and the setting of the four levers which defines the size and the brightness of the test target were transferred directly to the computer. Accuracy of this recording system is better than 1.

[The use of the panel D-15 test in estimating the convergence points for deuteranopia].

In order to study the deuteranopic convergence points we compared the patterns of the simulated panel D-15 test with the actual data from 73 cases of deuteranopia. It was found that 39 of the 73 cases matched one of the four simulation patterns perfectly while another 25 cases showed similar patterns. Of the 64 cases, 9 cases matched the simulated pattern obtained when the x chromaticity coordinates were between 1.

[Theoretical patterns of the panel D-15 test in congenital red-green dichromats as a function of the chromaticity coordinate of the convergence points].

In order to determine whether or not the patterns of the panel D-15 test for congenital red-green dichromats change when the convergence point is changed, a simulation experiment was attempted assuming that dichromats arrange the color caps in the order of the slope of the line between the chromaticity coordinates of the color cap and the convergence point. For this procedure, chromaticity coordinates of the color cap were calculated using both the spectral distribution of standard illuminant C and the daylight fluorescent lamp (Toshiba-EDL). For this prediction, the chromaticity coordinates of the convergence points were changed according to y = 1-x.

[Theoretical patterns of the panel D-15 test in congenital dichromatic color vision defects].

In order to study the theoretical patterns of the panel D-15 test for congenital dichromatic color vision defects, the spectral reflectance for the 16 color caps of the panel D-15 test was measured with a spectro-photometer. Then, the chromaticity-coordinates of each color cap were calculated using the spectral distribution of standard illuminant C. The theoretical patterns of the panel D-15 test for dichromats were obtained based on the confusion lines.