Efficacy and safety of intradialytic parenteral nutrition using ENEFLUID® in malnourished patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: An exploratory, multicenter, randomized, open-label study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) using ENEFLUID® (310 kcal, 550 mL) in mild-moderate malnutrition patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. A total of 40 adult patients with a Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis (NRI-JH) score of 5-10 were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, open-label study. Patients in the intervention group received IDPN using ENEFLUID® via the dialysis circuit 3 times a week for 12 weeks; those in the control group did not.

Duration of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate treatment and continuation of RAASi therapy after a hyperkalaemia episode.

Aims: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are foundational in the management of heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) but increase the risk of hyperkalaemia. To facilitate continuation of RAASi therapy, guidelines suggest managing hyperkalaemia using newer potassium binders such as sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC). This observational study describes the likelihood of continued RAASi therapy by duration of SZC treatment.

Baseline Characteristics of the DISCOVER CKD Prospective Cohort.

Introduction: Real-world data from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited, particularly regarding clinical management, treatment patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the context of new therapies and updated standard of care guidelines.

Methods: DISCOVER CKD is an observational cohort study enrolling adult patients with CKD, defined by an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code, or with two estimated glomerular filtration rate measures < 75 ml/min/1.73 m recorded 91-730 days apart.

Eosinophil-Platelet Ratio as a Predictive Marker of the Postoperative Recurrence of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

Background And Objectives: Symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is caused by repetitive hemorrhage and inflammation, which is commonly treated with burr-hole surgery and has a relatively high postoperative recurrence rate. A decrease in the platelet count is indicative of a hemorrhagic tendency, while an increase in the eosinophil count is associated with inflammation. Assessing the balance between platelet-associated hemostasis and eosinophil-associated inflammation using the indeterminate biomarker, the eosinophil-platelet ratio (EPR), may be essential.

Association between Timing of Vascular Access Creation and Mortality in Patients Initiating Hemodialysis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan.

Introduction: The optimal time for vascular access (VA) creation remains controversial.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using data from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry. Adult patients who started receiving hemodialysis in 2007 and had a permanent VA created were included.

Hyperkalemia Burden and Treatment Pathways in Patients with CKD: Findings From the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort.

Key Points: Hyperkalemia (HK) is associated with increased comorbidity burden in patients with CKD. Reducing serum potassium levels after HK episodes helps continuation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor treatment. In Japan, HK treatment pathways are more heterogeneous and potassium binders are more commonly prescribed compared with the United Kingdom.

Projecting the clinical burden of chronic kidney disease at the patient level (): a microsimulation modelling study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global concern that presents significant challenges for disease management. Several factors drive CKD prevalence, including primary risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and an ageing population. is an international initiative that aims to raise awareness of the substantial burden incurred by CKD.

Automated immunoassay of serum NY-ESO-1 and XAGE1 antibodies for predicting clinical benefit with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: NY-ESO-1 and XAGE1 cancer/testis antigens elicit humoral and cellular immune responses in NSCLC patients. We aimed to predict clinical benefit with ICI monotherapy, using an automated immunoassay of NY-ESO-1/XAGE1 antibodies (Abs).

Methods: This study enrolled 99 NSCLC patients who received nivolumab after chemotherapy, including 21 patients harboring EGFR, ALK, or KRAS alterations.

Clinical Outcomes in Patients with CKD and Rapid or Non-rapid eGFR Decline: A Report from the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort.

Introduction: This analysis examined the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rapid or non-rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, using retrospective data from DISCOVER CKD (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04034992).

Methods: Data (2008-2020) were extracted from UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, US TriNetX, US Limited Claims and Electronic Health Record Dataset, and Japan Medical Data Vision.

Evaluation of glomerular hemodynamic changes by sodium-glucose-transporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic rats using in vivo imaging.

The mechanisms responsible for glomerular hemodynamic regulation with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated changes in glomerular hemodynamic function using an animal model of type 2 diabetes, treated with an SGLT2 inhibitor alone or in combination with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor using male Zucker lean (ZL) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Afferent and efferent arteriolar diameter and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) were evaluated in ZDF rats measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the administration of a SGLT2 inhibitor (luseogliflozin).

Correction: Water resource management: IWRM strategies for improved water management. A systematic review of case studies of East, West and Southern Africa.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Current dialyzer classification in Japan and mortality risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Dialyzers are classified into five types based on their β-microglobulin clearance rate and albumin sieving coefficient: Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb. In addition, a new classification system introduced a type S dialyzer. However, limited information is available regarding the impact of dialyzer type on patient outcomes.

Maintained renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate following a hyperkalaemia episode: a multicountry cohort study.

Background: This observational cohort study compared the likelihood of maintained (stabilized/up-titrated) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy at 6 months following hyperkalaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or heart failure (HF) from the USA, Japan and Spain who received sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) for at least 120 days, relative to those with no prescription for a potassium (K) binder.

Methods: Using health registers and hospital medical records, patients with CKD and/or HF receiving RAASi therapy who experienced a hyperkalaemia episode were identified. Propensity score (PS) matching (1:4) was applied to balance the SZC cohort to the no K binder cohort on baseline characteristics.

Effectiveness of DialBetesPlus, a self-management support system for diabetic kidney disease: Randomized controlled trial.

We evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention for diabetic kidney disease patients by conducting a 12-month randomized controlled trial among 126 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with moderately increased albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR): 30-299 mg/g creatinine) recruited from eight clinical sites in Japan. Using a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) behavior change theory framework, the intervention provides patients detailed information in order to improve patient control over exercise and dietary behaviors. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received DialBetesPlus, a self-management support system allowing patients to monitor exercise, blood glucose, diet, blood pressure, and body weight via a smartphone application.

Mathematical expansion and clinical application of chronic kidney disease stage as vector field.

There are cases in which CKD progression is difficult to evaluate, because the changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria sometimes show opposite directions as CKD progresses. Indices and models that enable the easy and accurate risk prediction of end-stage-kidney disease (ESKD) are indispensable to CKD therapy. In this study, we investigated whether a CKD stage coordinate transformed into a vector field (CKD potential model) accurately predicts ESKD risk.

Associations of vitamin D receptor activators and calcimimetics with falls and effect modifications by physical activity: A prospective cohort study on the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the associations of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) and calcimimetics use with falls.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study on hemodialysis patients in the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. We excluded those who were unable to walk.

Effect of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome on frailty in middle-aged and older Japanese adults.

Background: The potential for developing frailty exists in middle-aged and older adults. While obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase the risk of frailty in older adults, this relationship remains unclear in middle-aged adults, who are prone to developing lifestyle-related diseases.

Objective: To examine the effect of overweight/obesity and MetS on frailty development in middle-aged and older Japanese adults using real-world data.

Hyperkalaemia-related reduction of RAASi treatment associates with more subsequent inpatient care.

Background: Hyperkalaemia is a barrier to achieving optimal, guideline-directed treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or heart failure (HF). This study describes the association between hyperkalaemia-related RAASi treatment reduction and the number of hospitalized days in patients with CKD and/or HF in Sweden and Japan.

Methods: Using data from health registers and hospital medical records, patients with CKD and/or HF currently receiving RAASis who experienced an index hyperkalaemia episode were identified and categorized as having maintained or reduced RAASi treatment post-index; propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to balance the groups in terms of baseline characteristics.

New marker for chronic kidney disease progression and mortality in medical-word virtual space.

A new marker reflecting the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been desired for its therapy. In this study, we developed a virtual space where data in medical words and those of actual CKD patients were unified by natural language processing and category theory. A virtual space of medical words was constructed from the CKD-related literature (n = 165,271) using Word2Vec, in which 106,612 words composed a network.