Exploring the role of HIF-1α on pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic approaches.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), emerging evidence suggests a significant involvement of HIF-1α in disease pathogenesis. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), leading to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline.

Emerging roles of cannabinoid receptor CB2 receptor in the central nervous system: therapeutic target for CNS disorders.

Rationale: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family of cell membranes and is associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoid 2 receptors (CB2) are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) on microglia and subgroups of neurons and are involved in various behavioural processes via immunological and neural regulation.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to summarize and explore the impact of CB2 receptors on neuronal modulation, their involvement in various neurological disorders, and their influence on mood, behavior, and cognitive function.

CTAB-crafted ZnO nanostructures for environmental remediation and pathogen control.

This study addresses the critical need for efficient and sustainable methods to tackle organic pollutants and microbial contamination in water. The present work aim was to investigate the potential of multi-structured zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the combined photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and antimicrobial activity. A unique fusion of precipitation-cum-hydrothermal approaches was precisely employed to synthesize the ZnO NPs, resulting in remarkable outcomes.

Molecular Engineered Carbon-Based Sensor for Ultrafast and Specific Detection of Neurotransmitters.

In the quest for designing affordable diagnostic devices with high performance, precisely functionalized carbon-based materials with high accuracy and selectivity are required. Every material has its own unique ability to interact with the analyte, and its performance can be enhanced by probing the interaction mechanism. Herein, -aminophenol (PAP)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoscale material is developed by a one-step synthetic route as an all-organic-based sensor.

Transcriptional Repressor HIC1 Contributes to Suppressive Function of Human Induced Regulatory T Cells.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical in regulating the immune response. In vitro induced Treg (iTreg) cells have significant potential in clinical medicine. However, applying iTreg cells as therapeutics is complicated by the poor stability of human iTreg cells and their variable suppressive activity.

Interaction of glycated protein and DFO mimicked hypoxia in cellular responses of HUVECs.

The accelerated non-enzymatic modification of proteins by Maillard reaction during prolonged hyperglycemia is a key player in the diabetes associated pathology. In addition, hypoxia has been implicated in the recent past as a modulating factor. Therefore we have examined the interaction of glycation modified human serum albumin (AGE-HSA) and deferoxamine (DFO) mimicked hypoxia on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and the role of RAGE (receptor for AGE) signaling in up-regulation of HIF-1α.

Interaction of glycated human serum albumin with endothelial cells in a hemodynamic environment: structural and functional correlates.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, in particular diabetes, via signaling through their receptor. Numerous studies have been carried out on protein-sugar interactions at very high concentrations of the latter. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of nonenzymatic glycation induced by reducing sugars on the secondary structure of human serum albumin (HSA) under different physiological conditions and to correlate that with expression of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) on HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) in a controlled hemodynamic environment.

Effect of different mitogens and serum concentration on HUVEC morphology and characteristics: implication on use of higher passage cells.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in two different media, viz. the commonly used M199 containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and endothelial cell growth factor and a defined media EGM-2 containing 2% FBS along with growth supplements in known concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different media on the growth potential and cell morphology in subsequent passages.