Evaluation of lens opacity due to inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis using rat lens explant cultures.

Drug-induced lens opacity has the potential to cause blindness and is of concern in drug development. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is one of the causes of lens opacity. Lens opacity is only observed after chronic administration in in vivo nonclinical studies in drug development.

Spontaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the neck skeletal muscle of a Crlj:CD1 (ICR) mouse.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is extremely rare in humans and animals, especially in rodents. This is the first case report on spontaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the neck skeletal muscle of a Crlj:CD1 (ICR) mouse (36 weeks, dead). Necropsy revealed a solid white mass located in the neck skeletal muscle (scalenus muscle).

Olive-Derived Hydroxytyrosol Shows Anti-inflammatory Effect without Gastric Damage in Rats.

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a simple phenol compound present in olive oil. In a previous in vitro study, we showed that HT downregulated lipopolysaccharide-mediated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1β, resulting in reduced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E production. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether HT suppresses COX-2-induced inflammation in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.

Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rats.

Historical control data from prenatal developmental toxicity studies in rats have been used to evaluate whether toxicology outcomes were induced by exposure to a chemical or were within the range of spontaneous variation. These data are also important for monitoring animal characteristics. As a follow-up to historical control data from 1998 to 2010, this study analyzed control data from prenatal developmental studies performed in rats from 2011 to 2015.

Amyloidosis enhancing activity of bovine amyloid A fibrils in C3H/HeN mice and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Background: In experimentally induced cases of AA amyloidosis, the development of disease is enhanced by the administration of homogenous or heterogeneous amyloid fibrils. In recent years, cross-species transmission of animal amyloidosis into human has become of particular concern.

Methods: Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with bovine amyloid fibrils under acute inflammation.

Prevalence of amyloid deposition in mature healthy chickens in the flock that previously had outbreaks of vaccine-associated amyloidosis.

Avian amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is commonly observed in adult birds with chronic inflammation, such as that caused by bacterial infection. We previously described vaccine-associated AA amyloidosis in juvenile chickens. In this study, the prevalence of amyloid deposition was measured in mature healthy chickens that survived a previous outbreak of avian AA amyloidosis while they were juveniles.

Failure of heterogeneous amyloid-enhancing factor in geriatric squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis).

Background: Cross-species transmission of AA amyloidosis between primates and other animals has not been previously reported.

Methods: Eight geriatric squirrel monkeys were intravenously administered chimpanzee, bovine, or chicken amyloid fibrils and simultaneously received inflammatory stimulation.

Results: AA amyloid deposition was not detected in any of the monkeys histopathologically or immunohistochemically.