Effect of extending the period from oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride to photodynamic diagnosis during transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer on diagnostic accuracy and safety: a single-arm multicenter phase III trial.

Background: In Japan, the authorized period (2-4 h) between oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may restrict photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) usage. Therefore, this prospective, single-arm, phase III study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PDD at an extended administration period (4-8 h).

Methods: From January 2022 to May 2023, 161 patients with NMIBC were enrolled from eight hospitals.

Choroidal Metastasis From Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

Choroidal metastasis originating from renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) is rare. To the best of our knowledge, 31 cases of choroidal metastasis from RCC have been reported in the English literature as of January 31, 2024. Nevertheless, physicians need to be vigilant in recognizing this condition, as its progression impacts the quality of life (QOL) of affected patients.

New risk stratification for adjuvant nivolumab for high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: We aim to evaluate the risk of recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy, particularly in ypT2 disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma, because it is not clear if all eligible patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma should be treated with adjuvant nivolumab.

Materials And Methods: We analysed the radiological and clinicopathological features, including cT and ypT stages, of 197 patients who had undergone two to four cycles of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy. We stratified the risk of postoperative recurrence by these factors.

Complete response to pembrolizumab in a patient with recurrent and metastatic urothelial bladder carcinoma reflecting coexisting sarcomatoid subtype and glandular differentiation: a case report.

Unlabelled: In advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC), approximately 20% of patients respond to pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody. Herein, we reported a single case of UC showing coexistence of sarcomatoid subtype and glandular differentiation. Notably, only glandular differentiation was recurrent, probably progressive, and metastatic, which showed complete response to pembrolizumab.

Efficacy of abiraterone acetate for high-risk hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer: A comparison with combined androgen blockade therapy with bicalutamide and androgen deprivation therapy alone.

Background: The treatment landscape for men with metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) has dramatically changed with the approval of next-generation anti-androgen drugs. We compared the treatment efficacy of abiraterone with that of combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone in men with high-risk mHNPC.

Methods: In total, 146 Japanese men with high-risk mHNPC were retrospectively analyzed.

Case Study: A Japanese patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who achieved long-term treatment-free survival with pembrolizumab and axitinib in the KEYNOTE-426 phase III trial of pembrolizumab and axitinib versus sunitinib.

Introduction: Our patient treated with pembrolizumab and axitinib is one of the longest survivors in Japan on KEYNOTE 426, despite adverse events, including delayed-onset hepatitis. We herein present a detailed clinical course and short discussion on the case.

Case Presentation: This was a 49-year-old male with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and lung metastases.

Safety of adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy in a patient with bilateral ureteral cancer undergoing hemodialysis.

An 80 year old Japanese man with bilateral ureteral cancer underwent laparoscopic bilateral nephroureterectomy and lymph-node dissection. The pathological stage of the left and right ureteral tumors was pT3pN0M0. He received two courses of adjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy while undergoing hemodialysis.

Laparoendoscopic single-site simple nephrectomy and reduced port procedure for inflammatory nonfunctioning kidney.

Introduction: To describe laparoendoscopic single-site simple nephrectomy and reduced port simple nephrectomy for inflammatory nonfunctioning kidney.

Case Presentation: Case 1: a 58-year-old female with fever was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography demonstrated a markedly atrophic right kidney and mild hydronephrosis.

Dorsal Vein Complex Preserving Technique During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Recently, two techniques of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), which preserve dorsal vein complex (DVC), endopelvic fascia, and full neurovascular bundle (NVB), through anterior approach were reported. The techniques in a relatively large workspace seem less technically demanding than Retzius-sparing RARP. In this case report, we present a further modified technique of transperitoneal-anterior-antegrade approach with a division of the endopelvic fascia to reduce the technical demands.

Development of novel ACN (albumin, C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) prognostication model for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving first-line molecular-targeted therapy.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a novel prognostication model in patients with treatment-naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods: This study included 325 consecutive mRCC patients receiving first-line molecular-targeted therapy at 4 institutions. Potential parameters associated with overall survival (OS) in these patients were investigated to develop a novel stratification model.

Reduced port laparoscopic radical nephrectomy using an umbilical zigzag skin incision for renal cell carcinoma.

Reduced port laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RPLRN) is an equivalent approach to conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). In LRN, one wound generally needs to be extended for specimen extraction; therefore, some ingenuity is needed to achieve a good cosmetic outcome. We herein describe our initial experience of RPLRN using an umbilical zigzag skin incision for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Prognostic significance of p16 expression in high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma.

Management of advanced hormone-naïve prostate cancer (HNPC) is a critical public health issue. Useful prognostic markers are thus needed to select patients who will benefit from recently introduced upfront therapies. p16 expression is an adverse prognostic marker in prostate cancer.

A case in which bladder cancer invaded the ureteral orifice and was resected via photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection involving orally administered 5-aminolevulinic acid.

Introduction: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is widely used in combination with photodynamic diagnosis to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. We experienced an intriguing case, in which bladder cancer infiltrated into the right ureteral orifice and was resected via photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection involving the oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid.

Case Presentation: This case was a 71-year-old Japanese man.

Prognostic Stratification of the IMDC Intermediate Risk Group After Treatment With First-line Molecular-targeted Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: The therapeutic outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have dramatically improved with the introduction of molecular-targeted agents. The observational multicenter study was conducted to develop a novel stratification system for the intermediate risk group of the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) model.

Patients And Methods: The present study included 252 Japanese patients with mRCC who received first-line molecular-targeted therapy at four institutions.

Discontinuation of first-line molecular-targeted therapy and prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Impact of disease progression vs. adverse events.

Objectives: We evaluated the impact of discontinuation of first-line (1L) molecular-targeted therapy on prognostic outcomes among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods: Study patients with mRCC were treated with 1L molecular-targeted agents at 4 separate institutions. Prognostic outcomes in this patient cohort were analyzed retrospectively based on whether discontinuation of 1L therapy was related to adverse events (AEs) or progression of disease (PD).

Neurologically favourable outcomes of cardiogenic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with relation to the type of witness in Japan.

Aim: To assess the current situation and neurologically favourable outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with respect to the type of witness.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used data from the All-Japan Utstein Registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency collected between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Patients with cardiogenic OHCA aged ≥18 years who were witnessed by bystanders were included.

A case of castration-resistant prostate cancer with liver metastases achieved a complete response by docetaxel chemotherapy.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with liver metastases have an extremely poor prognosis. Herein, we report a rare patient who achieved a complete response by docetaxel chemotherapy for this aggressive disease. A 67-year-old Japanese male diagnosed with local prostate cancer [initial prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 10.

Efficacy of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma Concomitant With Cardiac Metastasis: A Case Report.

Background/aim: Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with cardiac metastasis have had poor outcomes in the era of molecular targeted therapy. There are few reported outcomes for patients with cardiac metastasis of RCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Case Report: A 32-year-old female presented with metastatic RCC (unclassified type) with contralateral renal and cardiac metastases, as well as renal hilar lymph node metastases (cT4N2M1).

Clinical pharmacokinetics of flomoxef in prostate tissue and dosing considerations for prostatitis based on site-specific pharmacodynamic target attainment.

Flomoxef is used to treat bacterial prostatitis; however, its prostatic pharmacokinetics have not been fully clarified. Flomoxef (500 or 1000 mg) was administered to patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (n = 54). After a 0.

Increased infiltration of CCR4-positive regulatory T cells in prostate cancer tissue is associated with a poor prognosis.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in the suppression of immune responses, including antitumor immune responses. C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is highly expressed on effector Tregs, and anti-CCR4 antibody is attracting attention as a novel immunotherapeutic agent for solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CCR4-positive Tregs (CCR4+Tregs) in prostate cancer and estimate the clinical potential of CCR4-targeting therapy for prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific antigen response patterns during cabazitaxel therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to categorize prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response during cabazitaxel therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) into different patterns and to investigate the prognostic impact of the PSA response patterns.

Methods: We reviewed data from patients with mCRPC who had been treated with cabazitaxel therapy at four institutions belonging to Tokai Urologic Oncology Research Seminar. Patients eligible for this study had received at least three cycles of cabazitaxel treatment at three- or four-week intervals.