Management of Adult Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation: Case Series with Literature Review.

Background: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) is extremely rare in adults, and there is no consensus on the ideal treatment of adult AARF because of its rarity. We presented a case series of three adult AARFs and reviewed the literature on adult AARFs. We suggest treatment guidelines for the injury based on the literature review.

Surgical versus conservative treatment of greater trochanteric fractures with occult intertrochanteric fractures: Retrospective cohort study.

Background: Greater trochanter (GT) fractures are rare and frequently associated with occult intertrochanteric (IT) fractures. No consensus has been reached regarding whether surgical or conservative treatment is preferred for such fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatment for coexistent GT and occult IT fractures.

Revascularization to the bone tunnel wall after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may relate to the distance from the vessels.

Purpose: We use magnetic resonance angiography to evaluate the difference of vascular ingrowth to the bone tunnel on the anterior and posterior walls quantitatively after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with multi-stranded semitendinosus tendons. They were retrospectively divided into those who underwent magnetic resonance angiography 2, 3, 4 to 6, and ≥ 7 months after surgery.

Seroepidemiological aspects of human infection by Strongyloides stercoralis in Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Introduction: In most Strongyloides stercoralis infected individuals, nematoidosis occurs asymptomatically, but in immunocompromised patients, it can cause hyperinfection. Serological techniques seem to be a good alternative for detecting this parasite.

Methods: The frequency of seropositivity for strongyloidiasis in Alfenas, MG, was estimated using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on blood samples, between May and August of 2015.

Leishmania infantum INFECTION IN DOGS FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION OF MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic and chronic disease and dogs are the main reservoir of the etiologic agent, Leishmania infantum (syn L. chagasi). A serological and molecular investigation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was performed in the municipality of Alfenas, located in the southern region of Minas Gerais, where the disease is not endemic.

Quantitative evaluation of revascularization at bone tunnels and grafts with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: Quantitative evaluation of vascular ingrowth to the bone tunnel walls and tendon graft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for up to two years post-surgery using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Methods: The study population consists of 100 patients that underwent reconstruction with multi-stranded semitendinosus tendons. The patients were retrospectively divided into those that underwent MRA two, three, four to six, and ≥ seven months after surgery (46, 17, 16, and 21 patients, respectively).

Characteristics of medial plica syndrome complicated with cartilage damage.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with medial plica syndrome and associated cartilage damage.

Methods: The study subjects included 44 patients with 57 knees arthroscopically diagnosed with medial plica syndrome. Subjects were divided into those with severe cartilage damage, defined as International Cartilage Research Society (ICRS) stage 2 or higher, and those with mild cartilage damage, defined as ICRS stage 1 or lower.

[Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in a dairy cattle herd from Caçapava Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil].

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in a Brazilian dairy farm over the course of 1 year. Cattle of different aged were employed and divided into seven groups: 0-2 months; 2-4 months; 4-6 months; 6- 10 months; 10-16 months; 16-24 months; > 24 months.

Genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from HIV-infected patients and immunocompetent children of São Paulo, Brazil.

Cryptosporidium isolates identified in fourteen stool samples, collected from five HIV-infected patients and nine immunocompetent children, living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to a molecular analysis using a nested PCR followed of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), for genetic characterization. The analysis was based on digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme of a DNA fragment amplified from the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. Based on this analysis, four samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum, eight as Cryptosporidium hominis and two presented a profile that corresponded to Cryptosporidium meleagridis when compared to the standards used in the analysis.

Synthetic peptides as an antigenic base in an ELISA for laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni.

A pool of five synthetic peptides was used as an antigenic base in an ELISA (ELISA-Pp) for laboratory diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. Serum samples were obtained from individuals with acute (n=23) and chronic (n=30) schistosomiasis, with other parasitoses (n=39) or without parasitic infections (n=100). ELISA-Pp was compared with other immunoenzymatic methods for detection of IgM (IgM-ELISA) or IgG (IgG-ELISA) as well as an immunofluorescence test for detection of IgM antibodies (IgM-IFT).

[Serology as a diagnostic tool for surveillance and control of schistosomiasis in Holambra, São Paulo State, Brazil].

The present study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of the immunofluorescence test (IFT) with adult parasite paraffin sections as antigen substrate for the detection of IgM antibodies (IgM-IFT), as a diagnostic method in the schistosomiasis control program in the county (municipality) of Holambra, São Paulo State, Brazil. This city was selected for this study based on its low endemicity for schistosomiasis, the first cases having been reported in 1993, and because of the need to implement a control program with more sensitive diagnostic techniques. 202 individuals underwent IgM-IFT, with 48 serologically positive cases; of these, 28 were tested with the Kato-Katz technique, using three stool samples.

Characterization of a clone from an adult worm cDNA library selected with anti-Schistosoma mansoni human antibodies dissociated from immune complexes: a preliminary report.

Considering the scarcity of defined antigens, actually useful and reliable for use in the field studies, we propose an alternative method for selection of cDNA clones with potential use in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Human antibodies specific to a protein fraction of 31/32 kDa (Sm31/32), dissociated from immune complexes, are used for screening of clones from an adult worm cDNA library. Partial sequencing of five clones, selected through this strategy, showed to be related to Schistosoma mansoni: two were identified as homologous to heat shock protein 70, one to glutathione S-transferase, one to homeodomain protein, and one to a previously described EST (expressed sequence tag) of S.

Application of synthetic peptides in development of a serologic method for laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni.

The immunoreactivity of seven peptides synthesized from Schistosoma mansoni proteins, was evaluated by dot-blot and ELISA assays using two different sensitization methodologies. The best results were obtained on wells of the Costar 3590 microplates coated with peptides P1, P2, P3, P6, and P7 using conventional methodology. The signals increased considerably (p < 0.

Detection of Cryptosporidium sp. in non diarrheal faeces from children, in a day care center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

The protozoan Cryptosporidium sp. has been frequently detected in faeces from children with persistent diarrhoea. This work achieved to investigate an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis, in a day care center, attending children of high socio-economic level, between 0 and six years old.

Efficacy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a diagnostic tool for schistosomiasis mansoni in individuals with low worm burden.

IgM-ELISA is an immunoenzymatic method useful for detection of IgM antibodies against a fraction of Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen (AWA) that is soluble in trichloroacetic acid (AWA-TCA). This method was applied to three groups of individuals with different clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and the results compared with those obtained by other diagnostic methods: immunofluorescence test for detection of IgM antibodies (IgM-IFT) or IgG antibodies (IgG-IFT), ELISA for detection of IgG antibodies (IgG-ELISA), and two parasitological methods, Kato-Katz and miracidium hatching. The IgM-ELISA presented a sensitivity of 98%, when the parasitologic fecal examination was defined as reference diagnostic method, and a specificity of 98 and 97.

Schistosomiasis mansoni: follow-up of control program based on parasitologic and serologic methods in a Brazilian community of low endemicity.

A field survey on schistosomiasis was carried out in 1998, in the municipality of Pedro de Toledo, a low endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. According to the parasitologic Kato-Katz method, the prevalence rate was 1.6%, with an infection intensity of 40.

[IgM-ELISA for diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni in low endemic areas].

An immunoenzymatic method for the detection of IgM antibodies (IgM-ELISA) against a fraction of Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen, soluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA-soluble fraction), was evaluated for epidemiological purposes in low endemic areas for schistosomiasis. Blood samples on filter paper were collected from a population living in the municipality of Pedro de Toledo, São Paulo State, and submitted to IgM-ELISA. The results were compared to those obtained by the IgM-immunofluorescence test (IgM-IFT) and the Kato-Katz parasitological method.

Schistosoma mansoni heat shock protein 70 elicits an early humoral immune response in S. mansoni infected baboons.

A study was undertaken to search for DNA recombinant Schistosoma mansoni proteins responsible for eliciting an antibody response from the host at a very early phase after infection. A S. mansoni adult worm cDNA expression library was screened using pooled sera from baboons with four weeks of infection.

IgM-immunofluorescence test as a diagnostic tool for epidemiologic studies of Schistosomiasis in low endemic areas.

The high sensitivity and the ability to diagnose schistosomiasis in a very early phase after infection have indicated the detection of IgM antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni gut antigens by the immunofluorescence test (IgM-IFT) as a useful serological test for epidemiological studies in low endemic areas. When applied in a follow-up study for two years, higher rates of seroconversion from IFT negative to positive were observed during the summer months, suggesting seasonal transmission of schistosomiasis in the rural area of the municipality of Itariri (São Paulo, Brazil). In each survey, blood samples from about 600 schoolchildren were collected on filter paper and submitted to IgM-IFT.

The effects of organ resection on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

The effect of unilateral nephrectomy, orchiectomy or partial hepatectomy on the growth of chemically induced rat bladder tumors was investigated. Male F344 rats were treated with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) for 5 weeks, and surgical resection of one of these organs was performed 2 weeks after the completion of BBN administration.

Psychiatric symptoms related to interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C: clinical features and prognosis.

Psychiatric symptoms during interferon (IFN) therapy for viral hepatitis have been a crucial problem in consultation-liaison psychiatry. However, there have been few studies on psychiatric management for these symptoms and their prognosis. Among 943 patients who were treated with IFN for chronic hepatitis C between 1991 and 1995, 43 patients (4.

Schistosomiasis mansoni: immunoblot analysis to diagnose and differentiate recent and chronic infection.

One hundred seven patients classified into three different groups (11 with acute schistosomiasis, 58 with chronic schistosomiasis, and 38 children with high IgM-specific antibody titers against schistosome gut-associated antigens living in an endemic schistosomiasis area) were studied by immunoblotting for the presence of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni soluble adult worm antigen preparation. We used sera from 15 individuals infected with various intestinal parasites, as well as sera from 19 uninfected individuals, as controls. An immunogenic fraction with a molecular weight of 31-32 kD (Sm31/32) was the most frequently recognized by the different antibody isotypes.

Immunofluorescence test on Schistosoma mansoni worm paraffin sections (IgM-IFT) for the study of schistosomiasis transmission in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

The detection of IgM antibodies for Schistosoma mansoni using gut-associated antigens (IgM-IFT) was compared to the parasitological Kato-Katz method for study of the transmission of schistosomiasis in an urban area in Campinas. About 400 schoolchildren whose ages ranged from 6 to 18 years, were observed for a period of two years. Blood samples on filter paper and fecal samples were collected, at intervals of six months.

A comparative study on IgG-ELISA, IgM-IFT and Kato-Katz methods for epidemiological purposes in a low endemic area for schistosomiasis.

The high sensitivity and the possibility of automation of the enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) has indicated this technique as one of the most useful serological test for epidemiological studies. In the present study, an ELISA for detection of IgG antibodies against adult worm antigens (IgG-ELISA) was investigated for epidemiological purposes, in a rural area of the municipality of Itariri (São Paulo, Brazil). Blood on filter paper (1,180 samples) from about 650 schoolchildren were submitted to ELISA and the data compared to the results of the parasitological method of Kato-Katz and also to the IgM-IFT (immunofluorescence test for IgM antibodies to gut associated antigens).

IgM antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni gut-associated antigens for the study of schistosomiasis transmission in Ribeirão Pires, São Paulo.

The potential of an immunofluorescence test for detection of IgM antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni gut-associated antigens (IgM-IFT) was evaluated as a tool for studying aspects related to the schistosomiasis transmission in Ribeirão Pires, in the metropolitan area of the capital of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Children from a school with about 400 students, 6 to 18 years, were followed-up for two years. In the five surveys, carried out at 6-month intervals, from October 92 to October 94, serological (IgM-IFT) prevalence indices of 5.