Altered gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients with motor complications.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with gut dysbiosis. However, whether gut dysbiosis can cause motor complications is unclear.

Methods: Subjects were enrolled from four independent movement disorder centers in Japan.

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of oxidative stress measured using diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential in patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Because no curative therapy is available for PD, elucidation of its pathophysiology is important to establish more effective treatments. Oxidative stress (OS) has gained attention and been investigated as one of the candidates involved in the pathogenesis of PD.

Impaired metabolism of kynurenine and its metabolites in CSF of parkinson's disease.

Aim: The kynurenine (KYN) pathway plays an important role in degrading molecules responsible for oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS), but can also have neurotoxic effects. Both 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid are neurotoxic metabolites produced from this pathway. In Parkinson's disease (PD), oxidative stress is suspected to represent a key pathogenic mechanism.

[A case of adult-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy due to m.4296G>A gene abnormality].

The case is a 30-year-old woman. From the age of 25 years, she had several episodes of cortical blindness and visited a local doctor. Mitochondrial disease was suspected based on findings of cerebral infarction-like imaging and a history of diabetes.