BAX and DDB2 as biomarkers for acute radiation exposure in the human blood ex vivo and non-human primate models.

There are currently no available FDA-cleared biodosimetry tools for rapid and accurate assessment of absorbed radiation dose following a radiation/nuclear incident. Previously we developed a protein biomarker-based FAST-DOSE bioassay system for biodosimetry. The aim of this study was to integrate an ELISA platform with two high-performing FAST-DOSE biomarkers, BAX and DDB2, and to construct machine learning models that employ a multiparametric biomarker strategy for enhancing the accuracy of exposure classification and radiation dose prediction.

Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency in the Peripheral Blood of Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Fractionated Total Body Irradiation.

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established method for assessing chromosome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes resulting from exposure to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to measure cytogenetic DNA damage and hematology parameters in vivo based on MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from adult and pediatric leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by total body irradiation (TBI) as part of the conditioning regimen. CBMN assay cultures were prepared from fresh blood samples collected before and at 4 and 24 h after the start of TBI, corresponding to doses of 1.

Comparative analysis of physical doses and biomarker changes in subjects underwent Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography, and interventional procedures.

Even though the medical uses of ionizing radiation are well-acknowledged globally as vital tools for the improvement of human health, they also symbolize the major man-made sources of radiation exposure to the population. Estimation of absorbed dose and biological changes after radiation-based imaging might help to better understand the effects of low dose radiation. Because of this, we measured the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) at different anatomical locations using Lithium tetraborate doped with manganese (LiBO: Mn), recorded Dose Length Product (DLP) and Dose Area Product (DAP), analyzed Chromosomal Aberration (CA), Micronucleus (MN), gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX), and p53 proteins in the blood lymphocytes of patients (n = 267) underwent Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography-CT (PET/CT), and interventional procedures and healthy volunteers (n = 19).

The relative biological effectiveness of high-energy clinical 3 and 6 MV X-rays for micronucleus induction in human lymphocytes.

Purpose: In the modern era of radiotherapy, use of conventional radiation modalities (based on γ-rays) is being replaced by high-energy linear accelerator-based X-rays. As a result of mishandling of equipment or mechanical errors, health workers can be exposed to these high-energy X-rays. Especially in the absence of personnel monitoring devices, biodosimetry with a lower energy X-ray calibration curve may not provide an acceptable dose estimate.

Association between occupational heat stress and DNA damage in lymphocytes of workers exposed to hot working environments in a steel industry in Southern India.

Occupational heat stress apart from adverse heat-related health consequences also induces DNA damage in workers exposed to high working temperatures. We investigated the association between chronic heat exposures and Micronuclei (MN) frequency in lymphocytes of 120 workers employed in the steel industry. There was a significant increase in the MN-frequency in exposed workers compared to the unexposed workers .

F-FDG PET/CT scanning: Biological effects on patients: Entrance surface dose, DNA damage, and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes.

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT), a combination of PET and CT, is used in tumor staging, therapy planning, and treatment response monitoring. During PET imaging, patients receive low doses of radiation, which can induce an adaptive response and necessitate higher doses for therapeutic efficacy. Higher doses may augment toxicity to normal cells.

Does proliferation capacity of lymphocytes depend on human blood types?

In vitro human lymphocyte culture methodology is well established yet certain confounding factors such as age, medical history as well as individual's blood type may potentially modulate in vitro proliferation response. These factors have to be carefully evaluated to release reliable test report in routine cytogenetic evaluation for various genetic conditions, radiation biodosimetry, etc. With this objective, the current study was focused on analyzing the proliferation response of lymphocytes drawn from 90 individuals (21-29 years) with different blood types.

Entrance surface dose and induced DNA damage in blood lymphocytes of patients exposed to low-dose and low-dose-rate X-irradiation during diagnostic and therapeutic interventional radiology procedures.

The ionizing radiation received by patients and health workers due to radiological imaging may increase the risks of radiation effects, such as cancer and cataracts. We have investigated the dose received by specific areas around the head and related this to DNA damage in the blood lymphocytes of subjects exposed to interventional imaging. The entrance surface doses (ESD) to the forehead, neck, and shoulder were measured with a thermoluminescence dosimeter (CaSO disc or polycrystalline powder of lithium tetraborate doped with Mn) and compared with that of dose area product (DAP).

Radiation signature on exposed cells: Relevance in dose estimation.

The radiation is considered as a double edged sword, as its beneficial and detrimental effects have been demonstrated. The potential benefits are being exploited to its maximum by adopting safe handling of radionuclide stipulated by the regulatory agencies. While the occupational workers are monitored by personnel monitoring devices, for general publics, it is not a regular practice.

Mean frequency and relative fluorescence intensity measurement of γ-H2AX foci dose response in PBL exposed to γ-irradiation: An inter- and intra-laboratory comparison and its relevance for radiation triage.

Measurement of γ-H2AX protein changes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation is a simple, sensitive, and rapid assay for radiation triage and early marker of dose estimation. The qualitative and quantitative measurements of the protein changes were examined using flow cytometry and microscopy. Whole blood and isolated lymphocytes were exposed in vitro between 0.

Assessment of dose and DNA damages in individuals exposed to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiations during computed tomography imaging.

Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) is a frequently used imaging modality that contributes to a tenfold increase in radiation exposure to the public when compared to other medical imaging modalities. The use of radiation for therapeutic need is always rationalized on the basis of risk versus benefit thereby increasing concerns on the dose received by patients undergoing CT imaging. Therefore, it was of interest to us to investigate the effects of low dose and low dose-rate X-irradiation in patients who underwent CT imaging by recording the doses received by the eye, forehead and thyroid, and to study the levels of damages in the lymphocytes in vivo.