Comparative Genome Analysis of Japanese Field-Isolated for Aflatoxin Productivity and Non-Productivity.

produces aflatoxin, a carcinogenic fungal toxin that poses a threat to the agricultural and food industries. There is a concern that the distribution of aflatoxin-producing is expanding in Japan due to climate change, and it is necessary to understand what types of strains inhabit. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of four strains isolated from agricultural fields in the Ibaraki prefecture of Japan and identified their genetic variants.

Analysis of nitrogen source assimilation in industrial strains of Aspergillus oryzae.

Nitrogen source assimilation is important for the biological functions of fungi, and its pathway has been deeply studied. Aspergillus oryzae mutants defective in nitrogen source assimilation are known to grow poorly on Czapek-Dox (CD) medium. In this study, we found an industrial strain of A.

Subcomponents in humic acid structure contribute to the differential responses of Aspergillus oryzae strains to humic acid.

Humic acid (HA) is a complex natural organic macromolecule, can be decomposed to low-molecular compounds by some soil fungi and then influences the growth of fungi. Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus domesticated from its ancestor, which was supposed to live in soil. Group 3 strains of A.

Phenotypic and Molecular Biological Analysis of Polymycovirus AfuPmV-1M From : Reduced Fungal Virulence in a Mouse Infection Model.

The filamentous fungal pathogen is one of the most common causal agents of invasive fungal infection in humans; the infection is associated with an alarmingly high mortality rate. In this study, we investigated whether a mycovirus, named AfuPmV-1M, can reduce the virulence of in a mouse infection model. AfuPmV-1M has high sequence similarity to AfuPmV-1, one of the polymycovirus that is a capsidless four-segment double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, previously isolated from the genome reference strain of , Af293.

Analysis of an Intrinsic Mycovirus Associated With Reduced Virulence of the Human Pathogenic Fungus .

is an airborne fungal pathogen that causes severe infections with invasive growth in immunocompromised patients. Several mycoviruses have recently been isolated from strains, but there are presently no reports of mycoviral-mediated reduction or elimination of fungal pathogenicity in vertebrate models. Here, we report the biological features of a novel mycovirus, chrysovirus 41362 (AfuCV41362), isolated from the hypovirulent strain IFM 41362.

The neutral N-linked glycans of the Basidiomycetous yeasts Pseudozyma antarctica and Malassezia furfur (Subphylum Ustilaginomycotina).

Pseudozyma antarctica and Malassezia furfur are basidiomycetous yeasts under the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina. P. antarctica is a commensal organism found in certain plant species, while M.

[Investigation of Virulence Factors by "Omics" Approaches].

　Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant fungal pathogen responsible for life-threatening systemic infections in humans. Recently developed high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA-Seq technologies have proven to be powerful tools for systematically investigating pathogenic organisms. In this review, we present new virulence factors obtained through our "omics" researches on A.

Fucose-specific lectin of Aspergillus fumigatus: binding properties and effects on immune response stimulation.

Aspergillus fumigatus is the major causative fungus of aspergillosis, and many studies have explored the relationship between A. fumigatus and pathogenicity. In the current study, we focused on a fucose-specific lectin, FleA, as a novel molecule which related to the pathogenicity of A.

Dehydropropylpantothenamide isolated by a co-culture of Nocardia tenerifensis IFM 10554 in the presence of animal cells.

A new amide, named dehydropropylpantothenamide (1), was obtained by a co-culture of Nocardia tenerifensis IFM 10554 in the presence of the mouse macrophage-like cell line J774.1 in modified Czapek-Dox (mCD) medium. Compound 1 was synthesized from D-pantothenic acid calcium salt in 6 steps.

Global gene expression reveals stress-responsive genes in Aspergillus fumigatus mycelia.

Background: Aspergillus fumigatus is a human fungal pathogen that causes aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. A. fumigatus is believed to be exposed to diverse environmental stresses in the host cells.

Aspergillus fumigatus adhesion factors in dormant conidia revealed through comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses.

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important fungal pathogen of humans. Inhaled conidia of A. fumigatus adhere to pulmonary epithelial cells, causing opportunistic infection.

Temperature during conidiation affects stress tolerance, pigmentation, and trypacidin accumulation in the conidia of the airborne pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.

Asexual spores (conidia) are reproductive structures that play a crucial role in fungal distribution and survival. As fungal conidia are, in most cases, etiological agents of plant diseases and fungal lung disease, their stress resistance and interaction with their hosts have drawn increasing attention. In the present study, we investigated whether environmental temperature during conidiation affects the stress tolerance of the conidia of the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.

Comparison of DNA Microarray, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and Real-Time PCR with DNA Sequencing for Identification of Fusarium spp. Obtained from Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.

The performance of three molecular biology techniques, i.e., DNA microarray, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and real-time PCR were compared with DNA sequencing for properly identification of 20 isolates of Fusarium spp.

Transcription factor Afmac1 controls copper import machinery in Aspergillus fumigatus.

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for all living organisms, although it is toxic in excess. Filamentous fungus must acquire copper from its environment for growth. Despite its essentiality for growth, the mechanisms that maintain copper homeostasis are not fully understood in filamentous fungus.

Zamamidine D, a Manzamine Alkaloid from an Okinawan Amphimedon sp. Marine Sponge.

A new manzamine alkaloid, zamamidine D (1), was isolated from an Okinawan Amphimedon sp. marine sponge. The structure of zamamidine D (1) including the relative configuration was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.

Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029.

Two new aminocyclitol amide derivatives, nabscessins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of a pathogenic actinomycete species, Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029. The structures of nabscessins A and B were elucidated by spectral studies, and the compounds showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC values of 32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively.

Hyrtinadines C and D, New Azepinoindole-Type Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge Hyrtios sp.

New bisindole alkaloids, hyrtinadines C (1) and D (2), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Hyrtios sp. The structures of hyrtinadines C (1) and D (2) were elucidated based on analyses of the spectral data. Hyrtinadines C (1) and D (2) were the relatively rare alkaloids possessing a 3,4-fused azepinoindole skeleton.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus lentulus IFM 54703T.

Aspergillus lentulus, a sibling species of Aspergillus fumigatus, has been reported as a causative agent of aspergillosis, and exhibited low susceptibility to azole. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of A. lentulus strain IFM 54703(T) for the first time.

Identification and Functional Analysis of the Nocardithiocin Gene Cluster in Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis.

Nocardithiocin is a thiopeptide compound isolated from the opportunistic pathogen Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis. It shows a strong activity against acid-fast bacteria and is also active against rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we report the identification of the nocardithiocin gene cluster in N.

Tyrokeradines G and H, new bromotyrosine alkaloids from an Okinawan Verongid sponge.

Two new bromotyrosine alkaloids, tyrokeradines G (1) and H (2), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge of the order Verongida. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Tyrokeradine G (1) is the first bromotyrosine alkaloid possessing a β-alanine unit, while tyrokeradine H (2) is a rare bromotyrosine alkaloid possessing a N-substituted pyridinium ring.

Genome sequence comparison of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from patients with pulmonary aspergilloma and chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis.

Aspergillus fumigatus is the Aspergillus species most commonly associated with aspergillosis. Of the various presentations of aspergillosis, one of the most frequently observed in cases involving A. fumigatus pulmonary infections is aspergilloma (PA).

Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.

Six new prenylated benzophenones, (-)-nemorosonol (1) and trijapins A-E (2-6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Triadenum japonicum. (-)-Nemorosonol (1) and trijapins A-C (2-4) have a common tricyclo[4.3.

Amphidinins C-F, amphidinolide Q analogues from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.

Four new polyketides, amphidinins C-F (1-4), have been isolated from the culture broth of symbiotic dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. The analysis of their spectral data revealed that amphidinins C-F (1-4) were 4,5-seco-analogues of amphidinolide Q (5). The absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by the combination of J-based configuration analysis, modified Mosher's method, and chemical derivatization.

Agelamadins C-E, bromopyrrole alkaloids comprising oroidin and 3-hydroxykynurenine from a marine sponge Agelas sp.

Three structurally unique bromopyrrole alkaloids, agelamadins C-E (1-3), were isolated from a marine sponge Agelas sp. Agelamadin C (1) possesses a hybrid structure of oroidin and 3-hydroxykynurenine connected through a dihydro-1,4-oxazine moiety. Agelamadins D (2) and E (3) are a C-9/C-10 diastereomer and a 10-epimer of 1, respectively.