Risk factors for the development of second primary esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma according to genetic polymorphisms related to alcohol and nicotine metabolism.

Background: Multiple development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma is explained by field cancerization and is associated with alcohol consumption and smoking. We investigated the association between the development of second primary esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and genetic polymorphisms related to alcohol and nicotine metabolism.

Methods: The study group comprised 56 patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection.

Efficacy of Low-Dose Aspirin in Colorectal Cancer Risk Prevention is Dependent on and Genotype in Japanese Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients.

Unlabelled: Aspirin has gained great attention as a cancer preventive agent. Our previous study revealed that the low-dose aspirin prevents colorectal tumor recurrence in Japanese patients with colorectal adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas, whereas aspirin increases risks in smokers and has no effects on regular drinkers. Our recent study revealed that aspirin reduces polyp growth in Japanese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Epidemiology of locomotive syndrome using updated clinical decision limits: 6-year follow-ups of the ROAD study.

Introduction: Locomotive syndrome (LOCOMO) is defined by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) as a condition requiring nursing care due to a decline in mobility resulting from musculoskeletal disorders. In 2020, the JOA announced the new definition of LOCOMO stage 3 and revision of clinical decision limits in stages of LOCOMO. However, there are few reports on the epidemiological indices of LOCOMO.

The Combination of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Synergistically Increases Reactive Carbonyl Species in Human Male Plasma.

Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases. Although it has been reported that the combination of these habits worsens risks, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) cause chemical modifications of biological molecules, leading to alterations in cellular signaling pathways, and total RCS levels have been used as a lipid peroxidation marker linked to lifestyle-related diseases.

Effects of polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 genotypes on chemoprevention against colorectal tumors in single Japanese cohort using daily low-dose aspirin: insights into future personalized treatments.

Background: A chemopreventive effect of low-dose aspirin against colorectal tumors was previously found in participants of two Japanese multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of daily aspirin (100 mg/day) for 0.7-2 years on tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer patients whose tumors were excised endoscopically.

Methods: In the current study, chemopreventive data from single-center subsets having daily aspirin (100 mg/day) were reanalyzed with respect to variations in polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6).

Chemoprevention with low-dose aspirin, mesalazine, or both in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis without previous colectomy (J-FAPP Study IV): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, two-by-two factorial design trial.

Background: The only established treatment for preventing colorectal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is colectomy, which greatly reduces patient quality of life. Thus, an alternative method is warranted. In this trial, we aimed to clarify the individual and joint effects of low-dose aspirin and mesalazine on the recurrence of colorectal polyps in Japanese patients with FAP.

Different Effects of Polymorphic Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 and Cytochrome P450 2A6 Activities on an Index of Arteriosclerosis as a Lifestyle-Related Disease in a General Population in Japan.

Background: The relationships between lifestyle-related diseases and polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in the general population in Japan remain unclear.

Objective: In this study, the relationships between an index of arteriosclerosis and the phenotypic activities of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) and cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A6 were analysed.

Methods: Subjects in a general population in Japan (age range 35-97 years, 640 men and 795 women, 12% were current smokers) who took part in a health check program were recruited.

[Liver Fibrosis is Associated with Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with No History of Liver Diseases].

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine the possible association between liver fibrosis and loss of skeletal muscle mass (SM) in community-dwelling older adults with no history of liver diseases.

Methods: A total of 2,028 older adults (mean age, 69.8 ± 5.

Association of serum uric acid with subsequent arterial stiffness and renal function in normotensive subjects.

Serum uric acid (SUA) is correlated with an increased risk of not only gout but also cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the effects of SUA level on renal function and arterial stiffness in a population-based sample of normotensive subjects. The subjects completed a health checkup in 2002 at baseline and in 2011 or 2012 at the end of the follow-up period.

Relationships between Lifestyle, Living Environments, and Incidence of Hypertension in Japan (in Men): Based on Participant's Data from the Nationwide Medical Check-Up.

This study aims to investigate factors that contribute to the differences in incidence of hypertension between different regions in Japan, by accounting for not only individual lifestyles, but also their living environments. The target participants of this survey were individuals who received medical treatment for hypertension, as well as hypertension patients who have not received any treatment. The objective variable for analysis was the incidence of hypertension as data aggregated per prefecture.

Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α as a marker of metabolic risks in the general Japanese population: The ROAD study.

Objective: To determine whether 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) is a reliable biomarker of the accumulation of metabolic risks [e.g., overweight, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and dyslipidemia].

Genetic alcohol sensitivity regulated by ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms as indicator of mental disorders in Japanese employees.

Aims: Alcohol-related disorders (ARD) have been shown to be accompanied by a variety of other comorbid mental disorders. This study evaluated the associations between a variety of mental disorders and genetic alcohol sensitivity.

Methods: A total of 1944 Japanese workers were interviewed regarding their mental disorders by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.

Safety and adherence of Umezu polyphenols in the Japanese plum (Prunus mume) in a 12-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial to evaluate antihypertensive effects.

Objectives: Medications or lifestyle changes to prevent or improve hypertension often press considerable efforts on patients suffering from mild hypertension. Capsules including Umezu polyphenols (UP), polyphenols in Japanese plums, may help them to control their blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of UP on BP and its safety.

Roles of the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes on the association between alcohol intake and serum adiponectin levels among Japanese male workers.

Background: Adiponectin secreted from adipose tissue is assumed to mediate protective effects on development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Relationship between alcohol intake and circulating adiponectin levels is not consistent among the several previous studies. In the present study, we investigated effects of alcohol intake and the alcohol-related polymorphisms on serum adiponectin levels among Japanese male workers.

Habitual coffee consumption inversely associated with metabolic syndrome-related biomarkers involving adiponectin.

Objectives: The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether habitual coffee consumption shows beneficial association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults.

Methods: The association of coffee consumption and MetS-related biomarkers including visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total serum adiponectin (T-Ad), low-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (LMW-AD), medium-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (MMW-Ad), and high-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (HMW-Ad) levels were analyzed among 364 Japanese men (36-61 y old) using two models of multivariate regression analyses; model 1 (adjusted for age, alcohol drinking, smoking, and walking status) and model 2 (adjusted for body mass index in addition to model 1 analysis). Participants were categorized into two groups according to their MetS risk score (raised blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels).

Relationship between coffee consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants.

Background: Metabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem. We examined the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants.

Methods: The study participants were 3284 employees (2335 men and 948 women) aged 20 to 65 years.

[Effects of kakisu (persimmon vinegar) on plasma antioxidant power and urinary 8-isoprostane level].

Objectives: To clarify the antioxidative effects of kakisu (persimmon vinegar), plasma antioxidant power and urinary oxidative stress level in healthy subjects were measured using enzyme immunological assays.

Methods: Eighty-one subjects (age 30-69, 58.4 +/- 0.

Antimutagenicity of cinnamaldehyde and vanillin in human cells: Global gene expression and possible role of DNA damage and repair.

Vanillin (VAN) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are dietary flavorings that exhibit antimutagenic activity against mutagen-induced and spontaneous mutations in bacteria. Although these compounds were antimutagenic against chromosomal mutations in mammalian cells, they have not been studied for antimutagenesis against spontaneous gene mutations in mammalian cells. Thus, we initiated studies with VAN and CIN in human mismatch repair-deficient (hMLH1(-)) HCT116 colon cancer cells, which exhibit high spontaneous mutation rates (mutations/cell/generation) at the HPRT locus, permitting analysis of antimutagenic effects of agents against spontaneous mutation.

Arsenite induces delayed mutagenesis and transformation in human osteosarcoma cells at extremely low concentrations.

Arsenite is a human multisite carcinogen, but its mechanism of action is not known. We recently found that extremely low concentrations ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF