The effects of high protein intakes during energy restriction on body composition, energy metabolism and physical performance in recreational athletes.

Background: Athletes employ weight loss practices to lower body fat and maintain fat-free mass (FFM). High protein diets have been shown to produce greater fat loss and retention of lean mass during periods of energy restriction (ER) in sedentary individuals with obesity, but less is known about the effects of high protein diets in trained individuals during ER. Although current recommendations for protein intake in active individuals are 1.

Landiolol is effective and safe in paediatric supraventricular tachycardia: evidence from a European prospective multicentre open-label phase III study (LANDI-PED).

Aims: Landiolol, an ultra-fast acting super-selective beta-blocker, was investigated for the first time in Europe in a prospective clinical study for the management of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) among paediatric patients.

Methods And Results: The LANDI-PED study was a prospective, multicentre, open-label, uncontrolled phase III study aiming to investigate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of landiolol in paediatric patients. Sixty patients in surgical and non-surgical settings aged ≥1 day to <18 years with SVTs of various aetiologies received landiolol as a continuous intravenous infusion starting with 5 μg/kg/min titrated up to 40 μg/kg/min depending on heart rate (HR) reduction for up to a maximum of 24 h.

Effectiveness of gaseous ozone on and bacterial loads on retailed meat sold at Iraqi Wasit markets.

Background: Ozone (O) is a promising alternative antibacterial agent that has recently been used in meat processing. The understanding of the appropriate functional settings of O for addressing food safety problems is still insufficient.

Aim: The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of exposure to O on the bacteriological quality of retail meat inoculated with at refrigeration temperatures.

TP53 missense allele predisposing to high risk of breast cancer but not pediatric cancers.

Pathogenic TP53 germline variants cause young-onset breast cancer and other cancers of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) spectrum, but the clinical consequences of partial-loss-of function TP53 variants are incompletely understood. In the consecutive cohort of Palestinian breast cancer patients of the Middle East Breast Cancer Study (MEBCS), breast cancer risk among TP53 p. R181C heterozygotes was 50% by age 50 y and 81% by age 80 y.

A rare complex association of truncus arteriosus with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: A case of rare congenital deformity.

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital deformity, and its association with truncus arteriosus (TA) has been infrequently described in medical literature. We report a case of a 3-year-old child presenting with failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections, who was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus type 1 and an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. The embryological basis of both TA and ALCAPA involves disruptions in the normal development of the aorticopulmonary septum and coronary arteries.

Conducting tobacco control surveys among schoolchildren in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: A feasibility study.

Most of the world's 300 million smokeless tobacco (ST) users live in South Asia but ST policies for that region are poorly researched, developed and implemented. Longitudinal studies to understand the uptake and use of ST and smoking, and influences on these, such as health promotion strategies, are lacking. We planned to conduct longitudinal surveys among secondary school students in three countries with the highest ST burden: Bangladesh, India and Pakistan to explore ST and smoking uptake, use and health promoting strategies.

The Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis of Wave 1 Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Data.

Objectives: To explore the strength of the association between cognitive functioning and depression and anxiety in older people without dementia.

Methods: An exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of Wave 1 (2004-2007) data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 dataset. Three subgroups were based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) subscales: no probable anxiety or depression (N = 592), probable anxiety no depression (N = 122), probable depression with/without anxiety (depression) (N = 30).

Clinical and genetic delineation of autosomal recessive and dominant ACTL6B-related developmental brain disorders.

Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively delineate the phenotypic spectrum of ACTL6B-related disorders, previously associated with both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders. Molecularly, the role of the nucleolar protein ACTL6B in contributing to the disease has remained unclear.

Methods: We identified 105 affected individuals, including 39 previously reported cases, and systematically analyzed detailed clinical and genetic data for all individuals.

How do family members influence smokeless tobacco consumption during pregnancy in India? Perspectives of pregnant women.

Smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia is culturally ingrained and socially accepted. A better understanding of these sociocultural influences could inform behavioural approaches to prevent ST use. We sought to understand how family members influence pregnant women's behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions towards ST use.

The Effect of Adult Smoking Behavior on Children's Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. An Analysis Based on Salivary Cotinine Levels Among Children in Dhaka and Karachi.

Introduction: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) risks children's health. However, biomarkers are rarely used to study SHS exposure among children in low- and middle-income countries.

Aims And Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected between March and November 2022 for a cluster-randomized controlled trial investigating a Smoke-Free Intervention in 2769 children aged 9-15 in 74 schools (34 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 40 in Karachi, Pakistan).

Cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT controls skeletal muscle glutathione redox, bioenergetics and differentiation.

Cysteine, the rate-controlling amino acid in cellular glutathione synthesis is imported as cystine, by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, xCT, and subsequently reduced to cysteine. As glutathione redox is important in muscle regeneration in aging, we hypothesized that xCT exerts upstream control over skeletal muscle glutathione redox, metabolism and regeneration. Bioinformatic analyses of publicly available datasets revealed that expression levels of xCT and GSH-related genes are inversely correlated with myogenic differentiation genes.

Behavioural support and nicotine replacement therapy for smokeless tobacco cessation in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia is high, yet interventions to support its cessation are lacking. We tested the feasibility of delivering interventions for ST cessation in South Asia.

Design: We used a 2 × 2 factorial design, pilot randomized controlled trial with a duration of 26 weeks, including baseline and follow-up (6, 12 and 26 weeks) assessments.

The integrated stress response promotes neural stem cell survival under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration.

Impaired mitochondrial function is a hallmark of aging and a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. We have shown that disrupted mitochondrial dynamics typically found in aging alters the fate of neural stem cells (NSCs) leading to impairments in learning and memory. At present, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which neural stem and progenitor cells survive and adapt to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes among samples of females in Al-Suwaira city, Wasit Governorate, Iraq.

Introduction: Adverse pregnancy outcomes pose serious health risks to both periconceptional women and newborns. This study aimed to investigate the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) toward adverse pregnancy outcomes among women of reproductive age in Al-Suwaira, Wasit governorate, Iraq.

Methods: During November 2021 to February 2022, cross-sectional research of randomly selected women was performed.

Effect of biofilm formation in a hostile oxidative stress environment on the survival of recovered from poultry in Iraqi markets.

Background And Aim: is a major contributor to bacterial enteritis, a common health problem. The resistance of this microaerophilic bacterium to oxidative stress allows it to thrive under aerobic conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether the capacity of to form biofilms in the presence of oxidative stress contributes to the pathogen's ability to thrive in agricultural settings as well as in chicken slaughter lines.

Older men and loneliness: a cross-sectional study of sex differences in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background: Research into men and masculinities suggests men may be more reluctant than women to state they are lonely, more reliant on partners/spouses and/or alcohol to tackle it, and that this may be a result of poorer social relationships. Ageing is often associated with loneliness, and research has indicated gendered results in older people, but existing evidence lacks generalisability and cultural context. This study tests hypotheses on sex differences in loneliness in older England-based men and women.

The Diversity in Tobacco Use Among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in Pakistan: A Secondary Analysis of a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016-2018.

Introduction: Tobacco use in women of reproductive age group (15-9 years) may contribute to poor maternal and child health outcomes. We estimated the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST), cigarette, and waterpipe use among these women in Pakistan and explored associations with socio-economic differences and birth weights after recent childbirths (past 2 years).

Aims And Methods: We used the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys datasets from three provinces in Pakistan.

Using multi-scale genomics to associate poorly annotated genes with rare diseases.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has significantly transformed the landscape of identifying disease-causing genes associated with genetic disorders. However, a substantial portion of sequenced patients remains undiagnosed. This may be attributed not only to the challenges posed by harder-to-detect variants, such as non-coding and structural variations but also to the existence of variants in genes not previously associated with the patient's clinical phenotype.

Reconceptualising men's loneliness: An interpretivist interview study of UK-based men.

Loneliness has been extensively linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Often defined as a subjective emotion, the influence of sex and gender has regularly been cited as vital to understanding individuals' experiences. Despite this, little research has explored men's perspectives of loneliness using interpretivist approaches.

Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS III): a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based smoke-free intervention in Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a major cause of premature death and disease, especially among children. Children in economically developing countries are particularly affected as smoke-free laws are typically only partially implemented and private homes and cars remain a key source of SHS exposure. Currently, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the available evidence on the effectiveness of non-legislative interventions designed to protect children from SHS exposure.

Metallic Nanoparticles: Their Potential Role in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Trained Immunity Provocation.

Owing to drawbacks in the current common cancer therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the development of more reliable, low toxic, cost-effective and specific approaches such as immunotherapy is crucial. Breast cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with a developed anticancer resistance. Accordingly, we attempted to uncover the efficacy of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs)-based breast cancer immunotherapy emphasizing trained immunity provocation or innate immunity adaptation.

The global impact of tobacco control policies on smokeless tobacco use: a systematic review.

Background: Smokeless tobacco, used by more than 300 million people globally, results in substantial morbidity and mortality. For smokeless tobacco control, many countries have adopted policies beyond the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which has been instrumental in reducing smoking prevalence. The impact of these policies (within and outside the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) on smokeless tobacco use remains unclear.