Improved Assessment of Juxtacortical Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis Using Highly-accelerated High-resolution Double Inversion Recovery MR Imaging with Deep Learning-based Reconstruction.

Purpose: Recently, a novel deep learning (DL)-based technique for reconstructing highly undersampled MR data (DL-Speed, DLS) has been developed, which demonstrated superior performance over compressed sensing. This study aimed to achieve high-resolution double inversion recovery (DIR) imaging using DLS (DLS-DIR) and compare its diagnostic performance in the detection of juxtacortical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions with that of conventional DIR (C-DIR).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed MRI data from 25 patients with MS who underwent a comprehensive imaging protocol, including 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), C-DIR, and DLS-DIR.

Prognostic Nutrition Index as a Biomarker for Treatment Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and Nivolumab as the First-Line Treatment in Patients with Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: This multicenter study aimed to determine whether the pretreatment prognostic nutrition index (PNI) or a change in the index after two treatment courses could be a biomarker for predicting treatment sensitivity in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer treated using chemotherapy and nivolumab as the first-line treatment.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study with 104 patients was conducted at 12 institutions. PNI was calculated before treatment and after two courses of treatment in each case.

Noninvasive neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Noninvasive neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) improves patient-ventilator synchrony and may reduce treatment failure in preterm infants compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of NIV-NAVA in preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Methods: Four investigators independently assessed the eligibility of studies in CENTRAL, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.

Prolonged oligohydramnios and the adverse composite outcome of death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 3 years of age in infants born at 22-29 gestational weeks.

Objective: To investigate the association between prolonged oligohydramnios and a composite outcome of death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 3 years of age.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled infants born at 22-29 weeks of gestational age without major congenital anomalies. The patients were classified into three groups depending on the existence and duration of oligohydramnios: no/non-prolonged oligohydramnios (no or 0-7 days of oligohydramnios), prolonged oligohydramnios (8-14 days), and very prolonged oligohydramnios (> 14 days).

Predictability of the neurodevelopmental assessment based on the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 at 18-24 months of corrected age and 3 years of age in identifying cognitive impairment at 6 years of age in very preterm infants: A retrospective study at a Japanese tertiary center.

Background: It is unknown how accurately the current Japanese classification system for neurodevelopmental delay based on the assessment with the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) at toddlerhood and pre-school periods predicts cognitive impairment at school age.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled infants born at 22-29 weeks of gestational age. At 18-24 months of corrected age and 3 years of age, the patients were categorized according to the current Japanese criteria for neurodevelopmental delay based on their overall developmental quotient calculated using the KSPD-2001.

Successful resection of bilateral parafalcine meningioma with unilateral interhemispheric and contralateral transfalcine approach under nonintubated spontaneous breathing conditions: illustrative case.

Background: The best surgical approach for resecting bilateral parafalcine meningioma, as well as the optimal anesthesia and airway management for craniotomy in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP) for preventing postsurgical exacerbation, remains unclear.

Observations: A 66-year-old female with a history of multiple relapses of IP underwent craniotomy for resection of a 4.5-cm bilateral parafalcine meningioma located just beneath the inferior sagittal sinus.

Handling of human milk to prevent acquired cytomegalovirus infection in Japanese neonatal intensive care units: The first nationwide survey.

Background: Human milk (HM) has been proven to provide immunological and nutritional advantages to neonates; however, acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be associated with raw HM. In Japan, there are no standardized guidelines concerning HM handling. This cross-sectional survey was performed to reveal specific trends in HM handling in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan.

Antenatal corticosteroids in specific groups at risk of preterm birth: a systematic review.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesise available evidence on the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) therapy among women at risk of imminent preterm birth with pregestational/gestational diabetes, chorioamnionitis or fetal growth restriction (FGR), or planned caesarean section (CS) in the late preterm period.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus was conducted for all comparative randomised or non-randomised interventional studies in the four subpopulations on 6 June 2021. Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool were used to assess the risk of bias.

A Small-for-Gestational-Age Infant with MIRAGE Syndrome Who Developed Heat Stroke and Rhabdomyolysis due to Severe Temperature Instability.

MIRAGE syndrome is characterized by myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy. This report describes heat stroke and rhabdomyolysis caused by anhidrosis as a symptom of MIRAGE syndrome in a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) female neonate born at 32 weeks of gestation (birth weight, 911 g [-3.8 SD]).

Tocolytic Therapy Inhibiting Preterm Birth in High-Risk Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review aimed to identify the benefits and possible harms of tocolytic therapy for preterm labour management in the context of pregnant women with extremely preterm birth, multiple gestations, or growth-restricted foetuses. A comprehensive search using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and the WHO Global Index Medicus databases was conducted from 10 to 15 July 2021. We included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies that assessed the effects of tocolysis compared with placebo or no treatment.

Albumin-derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Score as a Marker of Nivolumab Treatment Sensitivity in Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Background/aim: Establishment of powerful and easy-to-evaluate biomarkers that can predict immune checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity in patients with gastric cancer (GC) would be highly useful. The albumin-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (Alb-dNLR) score reportedly is an excellent measure of both immunity and nutritional status. However, the association between nivolumab treatment sensitivity and Alb-dNLR in GC has also not been adequately investigated.

Examining the Efficacy of Nivolumab for Gastric Cancer Focusing on Using an Inflammation-based Prognostic Score: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: To discover the positive therapeutic effects of nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), it is necessary to establish a useful biomarker to predict therapeutic efficacy. This multicenter retrospective study sought to evaluate the predictive impact of inflammation-based prognostic score (IBPS) on the therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab in patients with AGC.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated 58 AGC patients treated with nivolumab from October 2017 to November 2018 at five institutes.

Changes in In-Hospital Survival and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study of a Japanese Tertiary Center.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the survival and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants have improved in a Japanese tertiary center with an active treatment policy for infants born at 22-23 weeks of gestation.

Study Design: This single-centered retrospective cohort study enrolled extremely preterm infants treated at Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, from 2003 to 2014. Patients with major congenital abnormalities were excluded.

Changes in the Gustave Roussy Immune Score as a Powerful Prognostic Marker of the Therapeutic Sensitivity of Nivolumab in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Background: Identification of positive biomarkers for the effects of nivolumab on patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is significant. The Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-s) is associated with therapeutic resistance of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in other cancers. This multicenter, retrospective study was designed to analyze the association of GRIm-s with therapeutic sensitivity of nivolumab in patients with AGC.

Clinical features as potential prognostic factors in patients treated with nivolumab for highly pretreated metastatic gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Although nivolumab (anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody) is a promising approach for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), the response rate remains limited. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to determine if clinical features could serve as prognostic factors of the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with AGC.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with AGC who were treated with nivolumab as a third or later line from October 2017 to December 2018 at any of five clinical sites were enrolled in the study.

Randomized Trial of Perfusion-Based Circulatory Management in Infants of Very Low Birth Weight.

Objective: To establish the superiority of blood flow (BF)-based circulatory management over conventional blood pressure (BP)-based management strategies used for preventing intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in infants of very low birth weight (VLBW).

Study Design: We conducted a nonblinded, single-centered randomized trial with the aim to prevent IVH by managing BF. Infants with VLBW were assigned randomly to a BF-based group or BP-based (BP group) circulatory management group.

Geometrical pH mapping of Microfluids by principal-component-analysis-based xyz-spectrum conversion method.

The absorption spectra of bromothymol blue (BTB) solution introduced in microfluidic devices were reproduced by principal component analysis (PCA)-based xyz-spectrum conversion methods for geometric mapping of the pH values of fluids. We fabricated PDMS-made microfluidic devices with a channel depth of 1 mm to overcome the lower detection limits of transmittance image acquisition. Aqueous solutions of pH indicators under various pH conditions were hydrodynamically introduced into the channel, and RGB values of the region of interest (ROI) were obtained via image analysis.

Ibudilast Suppresses MUC5AC Mucus Production through Inhibition of ERK1/2 Phosphorylation.

Mucus hypersecretion is a hallmark of respiratory diseases, and excess airway mucus can worsen these conditions. Therefore, it is important to control the production of airway mucus in the treatment of respiratory diseases. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast has been reported to be effective in treating sputum and postnasal drip in patients with chronic airway inflammation.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Liver Enzyme Elevation After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Background/aim: Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is more frequently associated with postoperative liver enzyme elevation (PLEE) than open gastrectomy in phase III clinical trials for Japanese gastric cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for PLEE after LG for gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: This study enrolled 153 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent LG.

Dataset for reproducing absorption spectra of methyl orange from the RGB values of microscopic images.

The present dataset is related to the research paper entitled "Reproducing Absorption Spectra of pH Indicators from RGB Values of Microscopic Images" (Inagawa et al., 2020). The dataset contains microscopic images of aqueous methyl orange (MO), absorption spectra acquired with a spectrophotometer, loading spectra and calculation sheets for reproducing absorption spectra of aqueous MO from their RGB values of the microscopic images.

Perioperative anesthetic management for cesarean delivery of severe Wilson's disease with liver failure: a case report.

Background: Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting copper metabolism, which presents liver and brain dysfunction caused by abnormal copper accumulation. We report a patient who showed exacerbation of liver failure during pregnancy.

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old woman with Wilson's disease was scheduled for emergency cesarean delivery at 30 weeks of gestation.

Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma with Multilocular Cysts.

In this study, we describe a 60-year-old man with a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma with multilocular cysts. He was admitted to our hospital because of a 5-month history of abdominal distention. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a giant lobulated cystic mass occupying the retroperitoneal space that contained partially solid fat components.

Four stay-sutures method: a simplified hand-sewn purse-string suture in laparoscopic circular-stapled esophagojejunostomy.

Laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy is a challenging procedure because of its technical difficulty. We herein report a new method involving circular-stapled anastomosis using a hand-sewn suture with four stay-sutures and evaluate its outcomes. Esophagojejunostomy using this method was performed in 36 consecutive patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer at the authors' institutions.