Pulmonary Dysfunction in Children with Dystrophinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To observe the prevalence of impaired pulmonary function during various phases of the disease course in children aged 5-18 y with dystrophinopathy. The correlation between different parameters of pulmonary dysfunction and motor function was also studied.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-three confirmed cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), fulfilling predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated.

Therapeutic Bronchoscopic Interventions for Non Foreign-Body Removal Indications in Children.

Background: The indications for pediatric airway endoscopy are expanding and a variety of therapeutic interventions are feasible for central airway obstruction (CAO) and other central airway pathologies, apart from foreign body removal.

Methods: In this retrospective chart review from four centers, we describe the indications, procedures, outcomes, and complications of therapeutic bronchoscopic interventions in children for non foreign-body removal indications.

Results: A total of 72 children (mean age:140 [60.

Mobile Direct Observed Therapy (MDOT) for Inhaler Therapy in Children With Newly Diagnosed Asthma: A Pilot Study.

Objective: We aimed to assess the acceptability of Mobile Direct Observed Therapy (MDOT) amongst the parents/caregivers of children with asthma.

Methods: This open-label pilot randomized controlled trial enrolled newly diagnosed children aged 5-15 years with asthma, who were followed up telephonically for six weeks. Parents of children in the intervention arm were requested to record a video of the metered dose inhaler with spacer (MDI-S) technique of their child on a mobile phone and share it through WhatsApp with investigator who then provided corrective measures as required by a text/video message.

Diagnostic accuracy of airway ultrasound in confirming the endotracheal tube depth in critically ill children.

Background: Chest X-ray, the established standard of confirming endotracheal tube (ETT) position, has important drawbacks including radiation exposure. Point-of-care airway ultrasound, which has been insufficiently studied in children, can overcome these problems.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study done on children aged 2 months to 17 years undergoing intubation with cuffed ETT in the PICU.

Genetics of 67 patients of suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia from India.

Data are limited on the genetic profile of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) from developing countries. Here, we report one of the first study on genetic profile of patients with suspected PCD from India. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 162 children with suspected PCD.

Risk Factors for Procedural Complications of Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy: Experience From a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India.

We analyzed the records of 869 children who underwent flexible bronchoscopy. We found procedural complications in 6.7% (n = 59), with severe events in 3.

Infant Pulmonary Function Tests in Children with Airway Anomalies and Correlation with Bronchoscopy Findings.

Objectives: To evaluate the role infant pulmonary function tests (Tidal Breathing Flow Volume Loops, TBFVL) in children with airway anomalies and to correlate the TBFVL so obtained with bronchoscopy findings.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled children aged 0-2 years with airway anomalies and performed TBFVL and bronchoscopy. The primary outcome measure was graphic pattern of TBFVL in laryngomalacia.

Comparison of Protocol-Based Continuous and Intermittent Tube Feeding in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Children - An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare the time taken to reach the target calories and proteins by protocol based "continuous tube feeding (CTF)" and "intermittent tube feeding (ITF)" in critically ill children.

Methods: This trial was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care institute. Eligible children were randomized to receive CTF or ITF.

Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain the most distressing event in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine containing regimen in preventing CINV in children on HEC and MEC. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane central register of controlled trials electronic databases to identify randomized clinical trials that compared 2 groups who either got olanzapine (olanzapine group) or placebo/no olanzapine (control group) for the prevention of CINV in children.

Prevalence of Metabolic Abnormalities and their Association with Asthma Symptom Control in Children.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) in children with asthma, aged 10 to 15 y, and to determine if these metabolic abnormalities showed an association with asthma symptom control and lung function.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary centre in north India. Consecutive children with physician diagnosed asthma were enrolled.

A "Cool" extraction technique for difficult pediatric airway foreign bodies: Report of two cases.

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is a potentially life-threatening accident in children. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopy has been the procedure of choice for FB removal, however it may miss distally lodged FBs. We report two pediatric cases with distal impacted FBs that could not be retrieved by rigid bronchoscopy (RB) and were mobilised using Fogarty balloon followed by flexible bronchoscopic cryoextraction.

Lung Function Tests in Infants and Children.

Lung function testing is an essential modality of investigation in children as it provides objective evidence of lung disease/health. With advances in technology, various tests are available that can aid in the diagnosis of lung disease, assess the progression and response to therapy and document the lung development and evolving lung diseases in infants. This narrative review discusses lung function tests in infants and children.

Validation of a Clinical Tool to Predict Neurological Outcomes in Critically Ill Children-A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the empiric tool by Gupta et al. in predicting neurological outcomes in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to evaluate the association of biomarkers S100B and NSE with neurological outcomes.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in 163 critically ill children aged 2 mo to 17 y admitted to the PICU from June 2020 to July 2021.

Geographic information system-based mapping of air pollution & emergency room visits of patients for acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi, India (March 2018-February 2019).

Background & Objectives: Studies assessing the spatial and temporal association of ambient air pollution with emergency room visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi are lacking. Therefore, the present study explored the relationship between spatio-temporal variation of particulate matter (PM) concentrations and air quality index (AQI) with emergency room (ER) visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi using the geographic information system (GIS) approach.

Methods: The daily number of ER visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms (less than or equal to two weeks) was recorded from the ER of four hospitals of Delhi from March 2018 to February 2019.