Second malignancy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after the advent of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with recurrent or advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) who developed secondary malignancies, as well as evaluate the impact of these secondary malignancies on the course of lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: This study included 112 patients with postoperative recurrent or advanced NSCLC, who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy as the primary treatment modality between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2020, and achieved long-term survival (≥2 years). Secondary malignancies were defined as newly diagnosed cancers in other organs occurring after NSCLC treatment initiation.

Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of isepamicin combination treatments in species.

This study evaluated the antimicrobial potency of the combination of isepamicin (ISP) for species (MABS). 34 clinical MABS strains were isolated from clinical samples. Of them, 11 (32.

Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2 Expression in Thymic Carcinoma: Brief Report.

Introduction: Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in various cancer types. Although TROP2-targeting therapy is currently attracting attention, little is known about TROP2 expression in thymic carcinoma.

Methods: TROP2 gene expression in thymic epithelial tumors was analyzed using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for 122 cases obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Early Detection of Therapeutic Benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Advanced Lung Cancer by Monitoring Cachexia-Related Circulating Cytokines.

Cancer cachexia is associated with poor immunotherapeutic outcomes. This prospective observational study longitudinally evaluated the role of cachexia-related circulating cytokines in predicting the risk and benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in advanced lung cancer. Forty-one circulating cytokines at baseline and after one cycle of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment were measured in patients with advanced lung cancer between 2019 and 2020.

The synergetic effect of sitafloxacin-arbekacin combination in the Mycobacterium abscessus species.

Mycobacterium abscessus species (MABS) is the most commonly isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and is one of the most antibiotic-resistant RGM with rapid progression, therefore, treatment of MABS is still challenging. We here presented a new combination treatment with sitafloxacin that targeted rough morphotypes of MABS, causing aggressive infections. Thirty-four clinical strains of MABS were isolated from various clinical samples at the Juntendo university hospital from 2011 to 2020.

Clinical characteristics of adrenal insufficiency induced by pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background And Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the clinical outcomes of many cancer types, but they induce a range of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a rare irAE, it can lead to serious consequences. This study aimed to determine the clinical features of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed AI following pembrolizumab treatment.

Association between the efficacy and immune-related adverse events of pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective study.

Background: The combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy has become the standard of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the association between therapeutic efficacy and the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains unclear in patients treated with combination therapy. We aimed to investigate the frequency of irAEs, and the association between therapeutic efficacy and the development of irAEs in patients with NSCLC.

Heterogeneous Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge in Patients With NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in NSCLC remain uncertain. This study estimated the safety and efficacy of ICI rechallenge and compared rechallenge benefit among different reasons of initial ICI discontinuation in NSCLC.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies on NSCLC retreated with ICI.

Survival past five years with advanced, EGFR-mutated or ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer-is there a "tail plateau" in the survival curve of these patients?

Background: The prognosis of patients with NSCLC harboring oncogenic driver gene alterations, such as EGFR gene mutations or ALK fusion, has improved dramatically with the advent of corresponding molecularly targeted drugs. As patients were followed up for about five years in most clinical trials, the long-term outcomes beyond 5 years are unclear. The objectives of this study are to explore the clinical course beyond five years of chemotherapy initiation and to investigate factors that lead to long-term survival.

Expression of , the Flowering Inducer of Asiatic Hybrid Lily, in the Bulb Scales.

Asiatic hybrid lily leaves emerge from their bulbs in spring, after cold exposure in winter, and the plant then blooms in early summer. We identified four ()-like genes, , , , and , from an Asiatic hybrid lily. Floral bud differentiation initiated within bulbs before the emergence of leaves.

Pulmonary infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycolicibacterium fortuitum: a case report.

Background: Mycolicibacterium fortuitum is a species of the rapidly growing mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary infection. It is susceptible to multiple antibiotics both in vitro and in clinical practice, so that any combination of susceptible drugs is effective. However, we encountered a case of infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant M.

The synergetic effect of Imipenem-clarithromycin combination in the Mycobacteroides abscessus complex.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms and the incidence of NTM infections has been increasing in recent years. Mycobacteroides abscessus (M. abscessus) is one of the most antimicrobial-resistant NTM; however, no reliable antibiotic regimen can be officially advocated.

Author Correction: Gastrointestinal adverse effects of nintedanib and the associated risk factors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Cholestatic Liver Injury Induced by Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

The anti-programmed cell death-1 protein monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor. While it improves the prognoses of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, it has been reported to induce various kinds of immune-related adverse events, including hepatotoxicity. Despite the frequency of hepatotoxicity, there is only limited information available regarding the pathophysiology and treatment.

Gastrointestinal adverse effects of nintedanib and the associated risk factors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Nausea and diarrhea are the most common adverse effects of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the clinical risk factors for these side effects remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of patients who developed gastrointestinal side effects during nintedanib treatment for IPF and determined the risk factors for these side effects.

Severe mediastinitis over a month after endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Although endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been reported to be a minimally invasive and relatively safe procedure, mediastinitis is a serious complication related to the procedure. The median time of mediastinitis onset is approximately 12 days after EBUS-TBNA. Here we report two rare cases with mediastinitis onset 40 and 53 days after EBUS-TBNA.

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern in the Lower Lung Lobes as a Prognostic Factor in Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis.

Background: Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia that is characterized by stiffness in both the upper lobes and pleura, which is evident on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. However, prognostic factors for IPPFE have not been identified yet.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with IPPFE.

Usefulness of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in the Diagnosis of Löffler Endocarditis Secondary to Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

A 40-year-old man who was diagnosed with bronchial asthma and eosinophilia was transferred to our hospital due to a worsening respiratory status. He was diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and eosinophilic pneumoniae. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging indicated Löffler endocarditis.